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@@ -7,58 +7,74 @@ on:
|
|||||||
pull_request:
|
pull_request:
|
||||||
branches: [ "**" ]
|
branches: [ "**" ]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
env:
|
|
||||||
TYPST_SOURCE_DIR: src
|
|
||||||
BUILD_DIR: build
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
jobs:
|
jobs:
|
||||||
build-typst:
|
build-typst:
|
||||||
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
|
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Run the whole job inside a Docker container that has Typst installed
|
# Run the whole job inside a Docker container that has Typst installed
|
||||||
steps:
|
steps:
|
||||||
|
- uses: typst-community/setup-typst@v4
|
||||||
- name: Checkout repository
|
- name: Checkout repository
|
||||||
uses: actions/checkout@v4
|
uses: actions/checkout@v4
|
||||||
with:
|
with:
|
||||||
fetch-depth: 1
|
|
||||||
submodules: false
|
submodules: false
|
||||||
lfs: false
|
lfs: false
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- name: Debug Ls
|
- name: Debug Ls
|
||||||
run: ls -la "$PWD" && echo "$PWD && echo ${{ github.workspace }}"
|
run: ls -la "$PWD" && echo "$PWD && echo ${{ github.workspace }}"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- name: Build Typst builder image
|
- name: Make build directory
|
||||||
uses: docker/build-push-action@v2
|
run: mkdir -p build
|
||||||
with:
|
|
||||||
tags: typst-builder-image:latest
|
|
||||||
push: false
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- name: Compile all .typ files
|
- name: Compile Analysis1
|
||||||
uses: addnab/docker-run-action@v3
|
continue-on-error: true
|
||||||
env:
|
run: typst compile --root src src/cheatsheets/Analysis1.typ "build/sem1-Analysis_1.pdf"
|
||||||
TYPST_SOURCE_DIR: ${{ env.TYPST_SOURCE_DIR }}
|
|
||||||
BUILD_DIR: ${{ env.BUILD_DIR }}
|
- name: Compile Schaltungstheorie
|
||||||
with:
|
continue-on-error: true
|
||||||
image: typst-builder-image:latest
|
run: typst compile --root src src/cheatsheets/Schaltungstheorie.typ "build/sem1-Schaltungstheorie.pdf"
|
||||||
options: --volumes-from=${{ env.JOB_CONTAINER_NAME }}
|
|
||||||
cwd: ${{ github.workspace }}
|
- name: Compile LinAlg
|
||||||
run: "cd ${{ github.workspace }} && TYPST_SOURCE_DIR=${{ env.TYPST_SOURCE_DIR }} BUILD_DIR=${{ env.BUILD_DIR }} bash -c ./compile-all.bash"
|
continue-on-error: true
|
||||||
|
run: typst compile --root src src/cheatsheets/LinearAlgebra.typ "build/sem1-Lineare-algebra.pdf"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- name: Compile Digtaltechnik
|
||||||
|
continue-on-error: true
|
||||||
|
run: typst compile --root src src/cheatsheets/Digitaltechnik.typ "build/sem1-Digitaltechnik.pdf"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- name: Compile CT
|
||||||
|
continue-on-error: true
|
||||||
|
run: typst compile --root src src/cheatsheets/CT.typ "build/sem1-Computertechnik.pdf"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- name: Upload PDFs
|
|
||||||
if: always()
|
|
||||||
uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
|
|
||||||
with:
|
|
||||||
name: typst-pdfs
|
|
||||||
path: ${{ env.BUILD_DIR }}/*.pdf
|
|
||||||
if-no-files-found: warn
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- name: Create Gitea Release
|
- name: Create Gitea Release
|
||||||
uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v1
|
continue-on-error: true
|
||||||
|
uses: akkuman/gitea-release-action@v1
|
||||||
with:
|
with:
|
||||||
tag_name: ${{ steps.tag.outputs.tag }}
|
name: "Formelsammlungen PDFs"
|
||||||
name: Typst PDFs ${{ steps.tag.outputs.tag }}
|
tag_name: "latest"
|
||||||
body: |
|
files: |
|
||||||
Automated release of Typst-generated PDFs.
|
build/*.pdf
|
||||||
|
inventory.json
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Commit: ${{ github.sha }}
|
- name: Update and push latest tag
|
||||||
files: ${{ env.BUILD_DIR }}/*.pdf
|
env:
|
||||||
|
GITEA_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITEA_TOKEN }}
|
||||||
|
run: |
|
||||||
|
set -euo pipefail
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
git config user.name "gitea-actions"
|
||||||
|
git config user.email "actions@local"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Ensure origin uses token auth
|
||||||
|
git remote set-url origin "https://oauth2:${GITEA_TOKEN}@gitea.mintcalc.com/alexander/TUM-Formelsammlungen.git"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Move (or create) the tag locally
|
||||||
|
git tag -f latest
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
# Force-push the tag to overwrite remote 'latest'
|
||||||
|
git push origin refs/tags/latest --force
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- name: Trigger
|
||||||
|
continue-on-error: true
|
||||||
|
run: curl -u trigger:${{ secrets.TRIGGER_PASSWORD }} -X POST https://trigger.typst4ei.de/trigger/all
|
||||||
2
.gitignore
vendored
@@ -5,3 +5,5 @@ __pycache__/
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
package-lock.json
|
package-lock.json
|
||||||
package.json
|
package.json
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*.pdf
|
||||||
3
.vscode/settings.json
vendored
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
|
|||||||
{
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
45
.vscode/tasks.json
vendored
@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
|
|||||||
{
|
|
||||||
"tasks": [
|
|
||||||
{
|
|
||||||
"label": "Run build Script",
|
|
||||||
"type": "shell",
|
|
||||||
"command": "${workspaceFolder}/.venv/bin/python",
|
|
||||||
"args": ["src/build.py"],
|
|
||||||
"group": {
|
|
||||||
"kind": "build",
|
|
||||||
"isDefault": true
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
},
|
|
||||||
{
|
|
||||||
"label": "Watch Styles",
|
|
||||||
"type": "shell",
|
|
||||||
"command": "sass",
|
|
||||||
"args": ["--watch", "styles:static/css"],
|
|
||||||
"isBackground": true,
|
|
||||||
"problemMatcher": {
|
|
||||||
"pattern": {
|
|
||||||
"regexp": "^.*$",
|
|
||||||
"file": 1,
|
|
||||||
"location": 2,
|
|
||||||
"message": 3
|
|
||||||
},
|
|
||||||
"background": {
|
|
||||||
"activeOnStart": true,
|
|
||||||
"beginsPattern": "^.*Watching.*$",
|
|
||||||
"endsPattern": "^.*Watching.*$"
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
},
|
|
||||||
{
|
|
||||||
"label": "Run debug server",
|
|
||||||
"type": "shell",
|
|
||||||
"command": "${workspaceFolder}/.venv/bin/python",
|
|
||||||
"args": ["src/debug_server.py"],
|
|
||||||
"group": {
|
|
||||||
"kind": "build",
|
|
||||||
"isDefault": true
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
12
Caddyfile
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
|
|||||||
:8000 {
|
|
||||||
root * /www
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
basic_auth /* bcrypt {
|
|
||||||
# fsei, fsei
|
|
||||||
fsei $2a$10$LfHwTJ70tvvYL7q5wved2e6DgRrB5xpDXM2SM9tryazKwSEq6/wFC
|
|
||||||
123 $2a$10$qg47SkDZvTz6C8/jh2GVY.blpIfzIUVUAyF.inAa3AD/zb7KecD8G
|
|
||||||
ei $2a$10$RKMEtHT7hHFGhl1gSfx4Se9K.YyEQ0nvM/DxoOvpg/XdhULTANcoq
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
file_server
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
14
Dockerfile
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
|
|||||||
FROM python:3.11 AS build
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
WORKDIR /workdir
|
|
||||||
COPY . .
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r ./requirements.txt
|
|
||||||
RUN python3 src/build.py
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
FROM caddy:latest AS serve
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
COPY --from=build /workdir/out/ /www/
|
|
||||||
COPY --from=build /workdir/Caddyfile /etc/caddy/Caddyfile
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
RUN caddy validate --config /etc/caddy/Caddyfile
|
|
||||||
BIN
assets/image.png
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 793 KiB |
@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
|
|||||||
{
|
|
||||||
"items": [
|
|
||||||
{
|
|
||||||
"url": "https://github.com/user/python-cheatsheet",
|
|
||||||
"cache": true,
|
|
||||||
"id": "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000",
|
|
||||||
"title": "Python Basics Cheatsheet",
|
|
||||||
"author": "John Doe",
|
|
||||||
"git_commit": "abc123def456",
|
|
||||||
"git_repo": "https://github.com/user/python-cheatsheet",
|
|
||||||
"git_repo_type": "github",
|
|
||||||
"date": "2025-01-15"
|
|
||||||
},
|
|
||||||
{
|
|
||||||
"url": "https://example.com/js-guide.pdf",
|
|
||||||
"cache": false,
|
|
||||||
"id": "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440001",
|
|
||||||
"title": "JavaScript Quick Reference",
|
|
||||||
"author": null,
|
|
||||||
"git_commit": null,
|
|
||||||
"git_repo": null,
|
|
||||||
"git_repo_type": "external",
|
|
||||||
"date": "2025-01-10"
|
|
||||||
},
|
|
||||||
{
|
|
||||||
"url": "https://gitlab.com/team/react-patterns",
|
|
||||||
"cache": true,
|
|
||||||
"id": "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440002",
|
|
||||||
"title": "React Design Patterns",
|
|
||||||
"author": "Jane Smith",
|
|
||||||
"git_commit": "xyz789abc",
|
|
||||||
"git_repo": "https://gitlab.com/team/react-patterns",
|
|
||||||
"git_repo_type": "gitlab",
|
|
||||||
"date": "2025-01-08"
|
|
||||||
},
|
|
||||||
{
|
|
||||||
"url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/latex4ei/Computertechnik/gh-pages/Computertechnik.pdf",
|
|
||||||
"cache": false,
|
|
||||||
"id": "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440003",
|
|
||||||
"title": "CSS Tips & Tricks",
|
|
||||||
"author": "Alex Johnson",
|
|
||||||
"git_commit": null,
|
|
||||||
"git_repo": "https://github.com/awesome/css-tips",
|
|
||||||
"git_repo_type": "github",
|
|
||||||
"date": "2024-12-20"
|
|
||||||
},
|
|
||||||
{
|
|
||||||
"url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/latex4ei/Computertechnik/gh-pages/Computertechnik.pdf",
|
|
||||||
"cache": true,
|
|
||||||
"id": "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440004",
|
|
||||||
"title": "Docker & Kubernetes Guide",
|
|
||||||
"author": null,
|
|
||||||
"git_commit": "dev-2025-01-18",
|
|
||||||
"git_repo": "https://gitea.company.com/internal/devops",
|
|
||||||
"git_repo_type": "gitea",
|
|
||||||
"date": "2025-01-18"
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
|
|||||||
#!/usr/bin/env bash
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
set -euo pipefail
|
|
||||||
SRC_DIR="${TYPST_SOURCE_DIR}"
|
|
||||||
OUT_DIR="${BUILD_DIR}"
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
if [[ ! -d "$SRC_DIR" ]]; then
|
|
||||||
echo "Source directory '$SRC_DIR' does not exist."
|
|
||||||
exit 1
|
|
||||||
fi
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
mkdir -p "$OUT_DIR"
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Find all .typ files under $SRC_DIR (excluding hidden dirs)
|
|
||||||
mapfile -d '' files < <(printf '%s\0' "$SRC_DIR"/*.typ 2>/dev/null)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
if [[ ${#files[@]} -eq 0 ]]; then
|
|
||||||
echo "No .typ files found in '$SRC_DIR'."
|
|
||||||
exit 0
|
|
||||||
fi
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
for f in "${files[@]}"; do
|
|
||||||
# Trim leading ./ if present
|
|
||||||
rel="${f#./}"
|
|
||||||
# Destination path: build/<same-subdirs>/<filename>.pdf
|
|
||||||
dest_pdf="${OUT_DIR}/$(basename "${rel%.typ}").pdf"
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
echo "Compiling: $f -> $dest_pdf"
|
|
||||||
typst compile "$f" "$dest_pdf"
|
|
||||||
done
|
|
||||||
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
services:
|
|
||||||
server_html:
|
|
||||||
build: .
|
|
||||||
ports:
|
|
||||||
- "8000:8000"
|
|
||||||
25
inventory.json
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
|
|||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
"author": "alexander",
|
||||||
|
"cheatsheets": {
|
||||||
|
"sem1-Analysis_1.pdf": {
|
||||||
|
"module": "Analysis 1",
|
||||||
|
"semester": "1"
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
"sem1-Schaltungstheorie.pdf": {
|
||||||
|
"module": "Schaltungstheorie",
|
||||||
|
"semester": "1"
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
"sem1-Lineare-algebra.pdf": {
|
||||||
|
"module": "Lineare Algebra",
|
||||||
|
"semester": "1"
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
"sem1-Digitaltechnik.pdf": {
|
||||||
|
"module": "Digitaltechnik",
|
||||||
|
"semester": "1"
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
"sem1-Computertechnik.pdf": {
|
||||||
|
"module": "Computertechnik",
|
||||||
|
"semester": "1"
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
7086
out/Analysis1.pdf
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
|
|||||||
annotated-types==0.7.0
|
|
||||||
blinker==1.9.0
|
|
||||||
certifi==2026.1.4
|
|
||||||
charset-normalizer==3.4.4
|
|
||||||
click==8.3.1
|
|
||||||
Flask==3.1.2
|
|
||||||
idna==3.11
|
|
||||||
itsdangerous==2.2.0
|
|
||||||
Jinja2==3.1.6
|
|
||||||
libsass==0.23.0
|
|
||||||
livereload==2.7.1
|
|
||||||
MarkupSafe==3.0.3
|
|
||||||
pydantic==2.12.5
|
|
||||||
pydantic_core==2.41.5
|
|
||||||
requests==2.32.5
|
|
||||||
tornado==6.5.4
|
|
||||||
typing-inspection==0.4.2
|
|
||||||
typing_extensions==4.15.0
|
|
||||||
urllib3==2.6.3
|
|
||||||
Werkzeug==3.1.5
|
|
||||||
@@ -1,208 +0,0 @@
|
|||||||
#import "../lib/common_rewrite.typ" : *
|
|
||||||
#import "@preview/mannot:0.3.1"
|
|
||||||
#import "@preview/zap:0.5.0"
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#show math.equation.where(block: true): it => math.inline(it)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#set page(
|
|
||||||
paper: "a4",
|
|
||||||
margin: (
|
|
||||||
bottom: 10mm,
|
|
||||||
top: 5mm,
|
|
||||||
left: 5mm,
|
|
||||||
right: 5mm
|
|
||||||
),
|
|
||||||
flipped:true,
|
|
||||||
footer: context [
|
|
||||||
#grid(
|
|
||||||
align: center,
|
|
||||||
columns: (1fr, 1fr, 1fr),
|
|
||||||
[#align(left, datetime.today().display("[day].[month].[year]"))],
|
|
||||||
[#align(center, counter(page).display("- 1 -"))],
|
|
||||||
[#align(right, image("../images/cc0.png", height: 5mm,))]
|
|
||||||
)
|
|
||||||
],
|
|
||||||
)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#let colorAllgemein = color.hsl(105.13deg, 92.13%, 75.1%)
|
|
||||||
#let colorEineTore = color.hsl(202.05deg, 92.13%, 75.1%)
|
|
||||||
#let colorZweiTore = color.hsl(235.9deg, 92.13%, 75.1%)
|
|
||||||
#let colorAnalyseVerfahren = color.hsl(280deg, 92.13%, 75.1%)
|
|
||||||
#let colorComplexAC = color.hsl(356.92deg, 92.13%, 75.1%)
|
|
||||||
#let colorMathe = color.hsl(34.87deg, 92.13%, 75.1%)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#place(top+center, scope: "parent", float: true, heading(
|
|
||||||
[Schaltungstheorie]
|
|
||||||
))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#columns(4, gutter: 2mm)[
|
|
||||||
#bgBlock(fill: colorEineTore)[
|
|
||||||
#subHeading(fill: colorEineTore)[Quelle Wandlung]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#zap.circuit({
|
|
||||||
import zap: *
|
|
||||||
set-style(scale: (x: 0.75, y:0.75), fill: none)
|
|
||||||
resistor("R1", (-2, 0), (0, 0))
|
|
||||||
vsource("V1", (-2, 0), (-2, -2))
|
|
||||||
wire((-2, -2), (0, -2))
|
|
||||||
node("n1", (0, 0), label: "1")
|
|
||||||
node("n2", (0, -2), label: "2")
|
|
||||||
})
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#bgBlock(fill: colorAnalyseVerfahren)[
|
|
||||||
#subHeading(fill: colorAnalyseVerfahren)[Graphen und Matrizen]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$bold(i_b)$ (oder $bold(i)$): Zweigstrom-Vektor \
|
|
||||||
$bold(u_b)$ (oder $bold(u)$): Zweigspannungs-Vektor \
|
|
||||||
$bold(i_m)$ : Maschenstrom-Vektor \
|
|
||||||
#text(rgb(20%, 20%, 20%))[(Strom in einer viruellen Masche)] \
|
|
||||||
$bold(u_k)$ : Kontenspannungs-Vektor \
|
|
||||||
#text(rgb(20%, 20%, 20%))[(Spannung zwischen Referenzknoten und Knoten k)] \
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#line(length: 100%, stroke: (thickness: 0.2mm))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Knotenzidenzmatrix $bold(A)$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$bold(A) : bold(i_k) -> text("Knotenstrombianz") = 0$ \
|
|
||||||
$bold(A^T) : bold(u_b)-> bold(u_k)$
|
|
||||||
$
|
|
||||||
bold(A) = quad mannot.mark(mat(
|
|
||||||
a_11, a_12, ..., a_(1m);
|
|
||||||
a_21, a_22, ..., a_(2m);
|
|
||||||
dots.v, dots.v, dots.down, dots.v;
|
|
||||||
a_(n 1), a_(n 2), ..., a_(n m)
|
|
||||||
), tag: #<1>)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#mannot.annot(<1>, pos:left, text(rgb("#404296"))[#rotate(-90deg)[$<-$ Knoten]], dx: 5mm)
|
|
||||||
#mannot.annot(<1>, pos:bottom, text(rgb("#404296"))[Zweige $->$], dy: -0.5mm)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
a in {-1, 0, 1}
|
|
||||||
$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#line(length: 100%, stroke: (thickness: 0.2mm))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Mascheninsidenz Matrix $bold(B)$\
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$bold(B) : bold(u_b) -> text("Zweigspannungsbilanz") = 0$ \
|
|
||||||
$bold(B^T) : bold(i_m) -> i_b$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$
|
|
||||||
bold(B) = quad mannot.mark(mat(
|
|
||||||
b_11, b_12, ..., b_(1m);
|
|
||||||
b_21, b_22, ..., b_(2m);
|
|
||||||
dots.v, dots.v, dots.down, dots.v;
|
|
||||||
b_(n 1), b_(n 2), ..., b_(n m)
|
|
||||||
), tag: #<1>)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#mannot.annot(<1>, pos:left, text(rgb("#404296"))[#rotate(-90deg)[$<-$ Maschen]], dx: 6mm)
|
|
||||||
#mannot.annot(<1>, pos:bottom, text(rgb("#404296"))[Zweige $->$], dy: -0.5mm)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
b in {-1, 0, 1}
|
|
||||||
$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#line(length: 100%, stroke: (thickness: 0.2mm))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
*KCL und KVL* \
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
KCL in Nullraum: $ bold(A) bold(i_b) = bold(0)$ \
|
|
||||||
KVL in Bildraum: $ bold(A^T) bold(u_k) = bold(u_b)$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
KVL in Nullraum: $bold(B) bold(u_b) = bold(0)$ \
|
|
||||||
KCL in Bildraum: $bold(B^T) bold(i_m) = bold(i_b)$ \
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
*Tellegen'sche Satz* \
|
|
||||||
$bold(A B^T) = bold(B^T A) = 0$ \
|
|
||||||
$bold(u_b^T i_b) = 0$
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#bgBlock(fill: colorAnalyseVerfahren)[
|
|
||||||
#subHeading(fill: colorAnalyseVerfahren)[Baumkonzept]
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#bgBlock(fill: colorAnalyseVerfahren)[
|
|
||||||
#subHeading(fill: colorAnalyseVerfahren)[Machenstrom-/Knotenpotenzial-Analyse]
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#bgBlock(fill: colorAnalyseVerfahren)[
|
|
||||||
#subHeading(fill: colorAnalyseVerfahren)[Reduzierte Knotenpotenzial-Analyse]
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#pagebreak()
|
|
||||||
#place(bottom+left, scope: "parent", float: true)[
|
|
||||||
#bgBlock(fill: colorZweiTore)[
|
|
||||||
#subHeading(fill: colorZweiTore)[Umrechnung Zweitormatrizen]
|
|
||||||
#show table.cell: it => pad(),
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#table(
|
|
||||||
columns: (auto, 1fr, 1fr, 1fr, 1fr, 1fr, 1fr),
|
|
||||||
align: center,
|
|
||||||
gutter: 0.1mm,
|
|
||||||
[In $->$], $bold(R)$, $bold(G)$, $bold(H)$, $bold(H')$, $bold(A)$, $bold(A')$,
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$bold(R)$,
|
|
||||||
$mat(r_11, r_12; r_21, r_22)$,
|
|
||||||
$1/det(bold(G)) mat(g_22, -g_12; -g_21, g_11)$,
|
|
||||||
$1/h_22 mat(det(bold(H)), h_12; -h_21, 1)$,
|
|
||||||
$1/h'_11 mat(1, -h'_12; h'_21, det(bold(H')))$,
|
|
||||||
$1/a_21 mat(a_11, det(bold(A)); 1, a_22)$,
|
|
||||||
$1/a'_21 mat(a'_22, 1; det(bold(A')), a'_11)$,
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$bold(G)$,
|
|
||||||
$1/det(bold(R)) mat(r_22, -r_12; -r_21, r_11)$,
|
|
||||||
$mat(g_11, g_12; g_21, g_22)$,
|
|
||||||
$1/h_11 mat(1, -h_12; h_21, det(bold(H)))$,
|
|
||||||
$1/h'_22 mat(det(bold(H')), h'_12; -h'_21, 1)$,
|
|
||||||
$1/a_12 mat(a_22, -det(bold(A)); -1, a_11)$,
|
|
||||||
$1/a'_12 mat(a'_11, -1; -det(bold(A')), a'_22)$,
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$bold(H)$,
|
|
||||||
$1/r_22 mat(det(bold(R)), r_12; -r_21, 1)$,
|
|
||||||
$1/g_11 mat(1, -g_12; g_21, det(bold(G)))$,
|
|
||||||
$mat(h_11, h_12; h_21, h_22)$,
|
|
||||||
$1/det(bold(H')) mat(h'_22, -h'_12; -h'_21, h'_11)$,
|
|
||||||
$1/a_22 mat(a_12, det(bold(A)); -1, a_21)$,
|
|
||||||
$1/a'_11 mat(a'_12, 1; -det(bold(A')), a'_21)$,
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$bold(H')$,
|
|
||||||
$1/r_11 mat(1, -r_12; r_21, det(bold(R)))$,
|
|
||||||
$1/g_22 mat(det(bold(G)), g_12; -g_21, 1)$,
|
|
||||||
$1/det(bold(H)) mat(h_22, -h_12; -h_21, h_11)$,
|
|
||||||
$mat(h'_11, h'_12; h'_21, h'_22)$,
|
|
||||||
$1/a_11 mat(a_21, -det(bold(A)); 1, a_12)$,
|
|
||||||
$1/a'_22 mat(a'_21, -1; det(bold(A')), a'_12)$,
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$bold(A)$,
|
|
||||||
$1/r_21 mat(r_11, det(bold(R)); 1, r_22)$,
|
|
||||||
$1/g_21 mat(-g_22, -1; -det(bold(G)), -g_11)$,
|
|
||||||
$1/h_21 mat(-det(bold(H)), -h_11; -h_22, -1)$,
|
|
||||||
$1/h'_21 mat(1, h'_22; h'_11, det(bold(H')))$,
|
|
||||||
$mat(a_11, a_12; a_21, a_22)$,
|
|
||||||
$1/det(bold(A')) mat(a'_22, a'_12; a'_21, a'_11)$,
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$bold(A')$,
|
|
||||||
$1/r_12 mat(r_22, det(bold(R)); 1, r_11)$,
|
|
||||||
$1/g_12 mat(-g_11, -1; -det(bold(G)), -g_22)$,
|
|
||||||
$1/h_12 mat(1, h_11; h_22, det(bold(H)))$,
|
|
||||||
$1/h'_12 mat(-det(bold(H')), -h'_22; -h'_11, -1)$,
|
|
||||||
$1/det(bold(A)) mat(a_22, a_12; a_21, a_11)$,
|
|
||||||
$mat(a'_11, a'_12; a'_21, a'_22)$,
|
|
||||||
)
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#place(bottom+left, scope: "parent", float: true)[
|
|
||||||
#bgBlock(fill: colorAllgemein, [
|
|
||||||
#subHeading(fill: colorAllgemein, [Sin-Table])
|
|
||||||
#sinTable
|
|
||||||
])
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
@@ -1,546 +0,0 @@
|
|||||||
#import "../lib/common_rewrite.typ" : *
|
|
||||||
#import "@preview/mannot:0.3.1"
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#set page(
|
|
||||||
paper: "a4",
|
|
||||||
margin: (
|
|
||||||
bottom: 10mm,
|
|
||||||
top: 5mm,
|
|
||||||
left: 5mm,
|
|
||||||
right: 5mm
|
|
||||||
),
|
|
||||||
flipped:true,
|
|
||||||
footer: context [
|
|
||||||
#grid(
|
|
||||||
align: center,
|
|
||||||
columns: (1fr, 1fr, 1fr),
|
|
||||||
[#align(left, datetime.today().display("[day].[month].[year]"))],
|
|
||||||
[#align(center, counter(page).display("- 1 -"))],
|
|
||||||
[#align(right, image("../images/cc0.png", height: 5mm,))]
|
|
||||||
)
|
|
||||||
],
|
|
||||||
)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#place(top+center, scope: "parent", float: true, heading(
|
|
||||||
[Analysis 1 (IE)]
|
|
||||||
))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#let SeperatorLine = line(length: 100%, stroke: (paint: black, thickness: 0.3mm))
|
|
||||||
#let MathAlignLeft(e) = {
|
|
||||||
align(left, block(e))
|
|
||||||
}
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#let colorAllgemein = color.hsl(105.13deg, 92.13%, 75.1%)
|
|
||||||
#let colorFolgen = color.hsl(202.05deg, 92.13%, 75.1%)
|
|
||||||
#let colorReihen = color.hsl(280deg, 92.13%, 75.1%)
|
|
||||||
#let colorAbleitung = color.hsl(356.92deg, 92.13%, 75.1%)
|
|
||||||
#let colorIntegral = color.hsl(34.87deg, 92.13%, 75.1%)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#columns(4, gutter: 2mm)[
|
|
||||||
#bgBlock(fill: colorAllgemein)[
|
|
||||||
#subHeading(fill: colorAllgemein)[Allgemeins]
|
|
||||||
#grid(
|
|
||||||
columns: (auto, auto),
|
|
||||||
row-gutter: 2mm,
|
|
||||||
column-gutter: 3mm,
|
|
||||||
[Dreiecksungleichung], [
|
|
||||||
$abs(x + y) <= abs(x) + abs(y)$ \
|
|
||||||
$abs(abs(x) - abs(y)) <= abs(x - y)$
|
|
||||||
],
|
|
||||||
[Cauchy-Schwarz-Ungleichung], [
|
|
||||||
$abs(x dot y) <= abs(abs(x) dot abs(y))$
|
|
||||||
],
|
|
||||||
[Geometrische Summenformel], [
|
|
||||||
#MathAlignLeft($ limits(sum)_(k=1)^(n) k = (n(n+1))/2 $)
|
|
||||||
],
|
|
||||||
[Bernoulli-Ungleichung ], [
|
|
||||||
$(1 + a)^n x in RR >= 1 + n a$
|
|
||||||
],
|
|
||||||
[Binomialkoeffizient], [
|
|
||||||
$binom(n, k) = (n!)/(k!(n-k)!)$
|
|
||||||
],
|
|
||||||
[Binomische Formel], [
|
|
||||||
#MathAlignLeft($ (a + b)^n = sum^(n)_(k=0) binom(n,k) a^(n-k) b^k $)
|
|
||||||
],
|
|
||||||
[Fakultäten], [$ 0! = 1! = 1 $],
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[Gausklammer], [
|
|
||||||
$floor(x) = text("floor")(x)$ \
|
|
||||||
$ceil(x) = text("ceil")(x)$
|
|
||||||
],
|
|
||||||
[Bekannte Werte], [
|
|
||||||
$e approx 2.71828$ ($2 < e < 3$) \
|
|
||||||
$pi approx 3.14159$ ($3 < pi < 4$)
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
)
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#bgBlock(fill: colorAllgemein)[
|
|
||||||
#subHeading(fill: colorAllgemein)[Complexe Zahlen]
|
|
||||||
$z = r dot e^(phi i) = r (cos(phi) + i sin(phi))$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$z^n = r^n dot e^(phi i dot n) = r^n (cos(n phi) + i sin(n phi))$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#grid(
|
|
||||||
columns: (1fr, 1fr),
|
|
||||||
[$ sin(x) = (e^(i x) - e^(-i x))/(2i) $],
|
|
||||||
[$ cos(x) = (e^(i x) + e^(-i x))/(2) $]
|
|
||||||
)
|
|
||||||
#subHeading(fill: colorAllgemein)[Trigonmetrie]
|
|
||||||
*Additionstheorem* \
|
|
||||||
$sin(x+y) = cos(x)sin(y) + sin(x)cos(y)$ \
|
|
||||||
$cos(x+y) = cos(x)cos(y) - sin(x)sin(y)$ \
|
|
||||||
$tan(x) + tan(y) = (tan(a) + tan(b))/(1 - tan(a) tan(b))$ \
|
|
||||||
$arctan(x) + arctan(y) = arctan((x+y)/(1 - x y))$ \
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
*Doppelwinkel Formel* \
|
|
||||||
$cos(2x) = cos^2(x) - sin^2(x)$ \
|
|
||||||
$sin(2x) = 2sin(x)cos(x)$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#grid(
|
|
||||||
gutter: 5mm,
|
|
||||||
columns: (auto, auto),
|
|
||||||
[$cos^2(x) = (1 + cos(2x))/2$],
|
|
||||||
[$sin^2(x) = (1 - cos(2x))/2$]
|
|
||||||
)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$cos^2(x) + sin^2(x) = 1$
|
|
||||||
git config pull.rebase falsegit config pull.rebase false
|
|
||||||
#grid(
|
|
||||||
gutter: 5mm,
|
|
||||||
columns: (auto, auto),
|
|
||||||
[$cos(-x) = cos(x)$],
|
|
||||||
[$sin(-x) = -sin(x)$],
|
|
||||||
)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Subsitution mit Hilfsvariable
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#grid(
|
|
||||||
gutter: 5mm,
|
|
||||||
row-gutter: 3mm,
|
|
||||||
columns: (auto, auto),
|
|
||||||
[$tan(x)=sin(x)/cos(x)$],
|
|
||||||
[$cot(x)=cos(x)/sin(x)$],
|
|
||||||
[$tan(x)=-cot(x + pi/2)$],
|
|
||||||
[$cot(x)=-tan(x + pi/2)$],
|
|
||||||
[$cos(x - pi/2) = sin(x)$],
|
|
||||||
[$sin(x + pi/2) = cos(x)$],
|
|
||||||
)
|
|
||||||
$sin(x)cos(y) = 1/2sin(x - y) + 1/2sin(x + y)$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Für $x in [-1, 1]$ \
|
|
||||||
$arcsin(x) = -arccos(x) - pi/2 in [-pi/2, pi/2]$ \
|
|
||||||
$arccos(x) = -arcsin(x) + pi/2 in [0, pi]$
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#bgBlock(fill: colorFolgen)[
|
|
||||||
#subHeading(fill: colorFolgen)[Folgen]
|
|
||||||
$ lim_(x -> infinity) a_n $
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
*Beschränkt:* $exists k in RR$ sodass $abs(a_n) <= k$
|
|
||||||
- Beweiße: durch Induktion
|
|
||||||
- Beweiße: Hat min. ein konvergent Teilefolge
|
|
||||||
- (Beweiße: Ungleichung $abs(a_n) <= k$)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
*Monoton fallend/steigended*
|
|
||||||
- Beweise: Induktion
|
|
||||||
#grid(columns: (1fr, 1fr),
|
|
||||||
gutter: 1mm,
|
|
||||||
row-gutter: 2mm,
|
|
||||||
align(top+center, [*Fallend*]), align(top+center, [*Steigend*]),
|
|
||||||
[$ a_(n+1) <= a_(n) $],
|
|
||||||
[$ a_(n+1) >= a_(n) $],
|
|
||||||
[$ a_(n+1)/a_(n) < 1 $],
|
|
||||||
[$ a_(n+1)/a_(n) > 1 $],
|
|
||||||
)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
*Konvergentz Allgemein*
|
|
||||||
$ lim_(n -> infinity) a_n = a $
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$forall epsilon > 0 space exists n_epsilon in NN$ sodass \
|
|
||||||
- Konvergent $-> a$: $a_n in [a - epsilon, a + epsilon] $
|
|
||||||
- Divergent $-> infinity$: $a_n in [epsilon, infinity) $
|
|
||||||
- Divergent $-> infinity$: $a_n in (-infinity, epsilon) $
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$space forall n > n_epsilon$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
*Konvergentz Häufungspunkte*
|
|
||||||
- $a_n -> a <=>$ Alle Teilfolgen $-> a$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
*Konvergenz Beweißen*
|
|
||||||
- Monoton UND Beschränkt $=>$ Konvergenz
|
|
||||||
NICHT Umgekehert
|
|
||||||
- (Cauchyfolge \
|
|
||||||
$forall epsilon > 0 space exists n_epsilon in NN space$ sodass \
|
|
||||||
$forall m,n >= n_epsilon : abs(a_n - a_m) < epsilon$ \
|
|
||||||
Cauchyfolge $=>$ Konvergenz)
|
|
||||||
- $a_n$ unbeschränkt $=>$ divergenz
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
*Konvergent Grenzwert finden*
|
|
||||||
- Von Bekannten Ausdrücken aufbauen
|
|
||||||
- Fixpunk Gleichung: $a = f(a)$ \
|
|
||||||
für rekusive $a_(n+1) = f(a_n)$ (Zu erst machen!)
|
|
||||||
- Bernoulli-Ungleichung Folgen der Art $(a_n)^n$: \
|
|
||||||
$(1 + a)^n >= 1 + n a$
|
|
||||||
- Sandwitchtheorem:\
|
|
||||||
$b_n -> x$: $a_n <= b_n <= c_n$, wenn $a_n -> x$ und $c_n -> x$ \
|
|
||||||
$b_n -> -infinity$: $b_n <= c_n$, wenn $c_n -> -infinity$ \
|
|
||||||
$b_n -> +infinity$: $c_n <= b_n $, wenn $a_n -> +infinity$
|
|
||||||
- Zwerlegen in Konvergente Teil folgen \
|
|
||||||
(Vorallem bei $(-1)^n dot a_n$)
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#bgBlock(fill: colorFolgen)[
|
|
||||||
#subHeading(fill: colorFolgen)[Konvergent Folge Regeln]
|
|
||||||
#grid(
|
|
||||||
columns: (auto, auto),
|
|
||||||
align: bottom,
|
|
||||||
gutter: 2mm,
|
|
||||||
[$ lim_(n->infinity) (a_n + b_n) = a + b $],
|
|
||||||
grid.cell(
|
|
||||||
rowspan: 2,
|
|
||||||
[$ lim_(n->infinity) (a_n / b_n) = a / b $ für ($b != 0$)],
|
|
||||||
),
|
|
||||||
MathAlignLeft($ lim_(n->infinity) (a_n dot b_n) = a dot b $),
|
|
||||||
MathAlignLeft($ lim_(n->infinity) sqrt(a_n) = sqrt(a) $),
|
|
||||||
MathAlignLeft($ lim_(n->infinity) abs(a_n) = abs(a) $),
|
|
||||||
MathAlignLeft($ lim_(n->infinity) c dot a_n = c dot lim_(n->infinity) a_n $),
|
|
||||||
)
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#bgBlock(fill: colorFolgen)[
|
|
||||||
#subHeading(fill: colorFolgen)[Bekannte Folgen]
|
|
||||||
#grid(
|
|
||||||
columns: (auto, auto, auto),
|
|
||||||
column-gutter: 4mm,
|
|
||||||
row-gutter: 2mm,
|
|
||||||
align: bottom,
|
|
||||||
MathAlignLeft($ lim_(n->infinity) 1/n = 0 $),
|
|
||||||
[],
|
|
||||||
MathAlignLeft($ lim_(n->infinity) k = k, k in RR $),
|
|
||||||
grid.cell(colspan: 2, MathAlignLeft($ exp(x) = e^x = lim_(n->infinity) (1 + x/n)^n $)),
|
|
||||||
MathAlignLeft($ lim_(n->infinity) sqrt(n) = + infinity $),
|
|
||||||
grid.cell(colspan: 2, MathAlignLeft($ lim_(n->infinity) q^n = cases(
|
|
||||||
0 &abs(q),
|
|
||||||
1 &q = 1,
|
|
||||||
plus.minus infinity &q < -1,
|
|
||||||
plus infinity #h(5mm) &q > 1
|
|
||||||
) $)), []
|
|
||||||
)
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#bgBlock(fill: colorFolgen)[
|
|
||||||
#subHeading(fill: colorFolgen)[Teilfolgen]
|
|
||||||
$ a_k subset a_n space (text("z.B") k= 2n + 1) $
|
|
||||||
- Index muss streng monoton steigen!
|
|
||||||
- Beschränkte $a_n => text("min eine konvergente") a_k$
|
|
||||||
- Konvergenz-Werte von $a_k$ sind Häufungspunkte
|
|
||||||
- Wenn alle $a_k$ gegen #underline([genau eine]) Häufungspunk konverigiert $<=> a_n$ konvergent
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#bgBlock(fill: colorReihen)[
|
|
||||||
#subHeading(fill: colorReihen)[Reihen]
|
|
||||||
$limits(lim)_(n->infinity) a_n != 0 => limits(sum)_(n=1)^infinity a_n$ konverigiert NICHT \
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- *Absolute Konvergenz* \
|
|
||||||
$limits(sum)_(n=1)^infinity abs(a_n) = a => limits(sum)_(n=1)^infinity a_n$ konvergent
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- *Partialsummen* \
|
|
||||||
ALLE Partialsummen von $limits(sum)_(k=1)^infinity abs(a)$ beschränkt\
|
|
||||||
$=>$ _Absolute Konvergent_
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- *(Cauchy-Kriterium)*\
|
|
||||||
konvergent wenn $forall epsilon > 0 space exists n_epsilon in NN$ \
|
|
||||||
sodass $abs(s_n - s_m) = abs(limits(sum)_(k=m+1)^(n)) < epsilon space$ \
|
|
||||||
$forall n_epsilon < m < n $
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- *Leibnitzkriterium* \
|
|
||||||
Alternierend + Nullfolge \
|
|
||||||
$=> limits(sum)_(n=1)^infinity (-1)^n dot a_n$ konvergent
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- *Vergleichskriterium* \
|
|
||||||
$a_n, b_n : abs(a_n) <= b_n space forall n in NN > N_0, N_0 in NN$
|
|
||||||
1. $limits(sum)_(n=0)^infinity b_n$ konvergent $=> limits(sum)_(n=0)^infinity abs(a_n)$ konvergent \
|
|
||||||
Suche $b_n$ für Konvergenz
|
|
||||||
2. $limits(sum)_(n=0)^infinity abs(a_n)$ divergent $=> limits(sum)_(n=0)^infinity b_n$ divergent \
|
|
||||||
Suche $abs(a_n)$ für Divergenz
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Nützlich:
|
|
||||||
- Dreiecksungleichung
|
|
||||||
- $forall space n > N_0 in NN space exists k,q in RR$ \
|
|
||||||
sodass $q > 1$: $n^k <= q^n$ (Potenz stärker Polynom)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- *Quotientenkriterium und Wurzelkriterium*
|
|
||||||
1. $rho = lim_(n -> infinity) abs((a_(n+1))/(a_n)) $
|
|
||||||
2. $rho = lim_(n -> infinity) root(n, abs(a_(n+1))) $ \
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
divergent: $rho > 1$, keine Aussage $rho = 1$, konvergent $rho < 1$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- *Geometrische Reihe*
|
|
||||||
$limits(sum)_(n=0)^infinity q^n$
|
|
||||||
- konvergent $abs(q) < 1$, divergent $abs(q) >= 1$
|
|
||||||
- Grenzwert: (Muss $n=0$) $=1/(1-q)$
|
|
||||||
- *Harmonische Reihe* $limits(sum)_(n=0)^infinity 1/n = +infinity$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- *Reihendarstellungen*
|
|
||||||
1. $e^x = limits(sum)_(n=0)^infinity (x^n)/(n!)$
|
|
||||||
2. $ln(x) = limits(sum)_(n=0)^infinity (-1)^n x^(n+1)$
|
|
||||||
3. $sin(x) = limits(sum)_(n=0)^infinity $
|
|
||||||
4. $cos(x) = limits(sum)_(n=0)^infinity $
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#bgBlock(fill: colorReihen)[
|
|
||||||
#subHeading(fill: colorReihen)[Potenzreihen]
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#bgBlock(fill: colorReihen)[
|
|
||||||
#subHeading(fill: colorReihen)[Bekannte Reihen]
|
|
||||||
*Geometrische Reihe:* $sum_(n=0)^infinity q^n$
|
|
||||||
- konvergent $abs(q) < 1$, divergent $abs(q) >= 1$
|
|
||||||
- Grenzwert: (Muss $n=0$) $=1/(1-q)$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
*Harmonische Reihe:* $sum_(n=0)^infinity 1/n = +infinity$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
*Andere*
|
|
||||||
- $e^x = limits(sum)_(n=0)^infinity (x^n)/(n!)$
|
|
||||||
- $ln(x) = limits(sum)_(n=0)^infinity (-1)^n x^(n+1)$
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#colbreak()
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#bgBlock(fill: colorAbleitung)[
|
|
||||||
#subHeading(fill: colorAbleitung)[Funktionen]
|
|
||||||
Sei $f : [a,b] -> RR$, stetig auf $x in [a,b]$
|
|
||||||
- *Zwischenwertsatz* \
|
|
||||||
$=> forall y in [f(a), f(b)] exists text("min. ein") x in [a,b] : f(x) = y$ \
|
|
||||||
_Beweiß für mindest. n Nst_
|
|
||||||
- *Satze von Rolle* \
|
|
||||||
diffbar $x in (a,b)$\
|
|
||||||
$f(a) = f(b) => exists text("min. ein") x_0 in (a,b) : f'(x_0) = 0$
|
|
||||||
_Beweiß für max. n Nst, durchWiederspruchsbweiß mit $f(a)=f(b)=0$ und Wiederholte Ableitung_
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- *Mittelwertsatz*
|
|
||||||
diffbar $x in (a,b)$ \
|
|
||||||
$=> exists x_0 : f'(x_0)=(f(b) - f(a))/(a-b)$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
- *Monotonie* \
|
|
||||||
$x in I : f'(x) < 0$: Streng monoton steigended \
|
|
||||||
$x_0,x_1 in I, x_0 < x_1 => f(x_0) < f(x_1)$ \
|
|
||||||
(Analog bei (streng ) steigned/fallended)
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#bgBlock(fill: colorAbleitung)[
|
|
||||||
#subHeading(fill: colorAbleitung)[Stetigkeit]
|
|
||||||
*Allgemein*
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$f(x)$ ist stetig wenn: \
|
|
||||||
$ limits(lim)_(x->x_0-) f(x) = limits(lim)_(x->x_0+) f(x) = f(x_0) $ \
|
|
||||||
$x in DD$ Beachten! Definitionslücken $!=$ unstätig \
|
|
||||||
Definition gilt auch für $I subset RR$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
*Regeln*
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$f(x),g(x)$ seinen stetig dann sind auch Stetig:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#grid(columns: (auto, auto, auto, auto, auto),
|
|
||||||
column-gutter: 4mm,
|
|
||||||
row-gutter: 2mm,
|
|
||||||
$f(x) + g(x)$, $f circle.small g$, $alpha dot f(x)$,
|
|
||||||
$f(x)/g(x)$, $f(x) dot g(x)$
|
|
||||||
)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
*Bekannte Funktion*
|
|
||||||
#table(
|
|
||||||
columns: (1fr, 1fr),
|
|
||||||
table.header(
|
|
||||||
[*Stetig*], [*Nicht Stetig*]
|
|
||||||
),
|
|
||||||
stroke: (x, y) => (x: 0mm, y: 0.2mm),
|
|
||||||
[
|
|
||||||
- Polynome, gebrochen Rationale Fn
|
|
||||||
- $floor(x),ceil(x)$ für $x in RR without ZZ$
|
|
||||||
- Betrags Funktion
|
|
||||||
- $sin, cos, tan$
|
|
||||||
],
|
|
||||||
[
|
|
||||||
- Stufenfunktion
|
|
||||||
- Fall Unterscheidungen
|
|
||||||
- $floor(x),ceil(x)$ für $x in RR$
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
)
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#bgBlock(fill: colorAbleitung)[
|
|
||||||
#subHeading(fill: colorAbleitung)[Ableitung]
|
|
||||||
*Differenzierbarkeit*
|
|
||||||
- $f(x)$ ist an der Stelle $x_0 in DD$ diffbar wenn \
|
|
||||||
#MathAlignLeft($ f'(x_0) = lim_(x->x_0 plus.minus) (f(x_0 + h - f(x_0))/h) $)
|
|
||||||
- $f(x)$ diffbar $=>$ $f(x)$ stetig
|
|
||||||
- Tangente an $x_0$: $f(x_0) + f'(x_0)(x - x_0)$
|
|
||||||
- Beste #underline([linear]) Annäherung
|
|
||||||
- Tangente $t(x)$ von $f(x)$ an der Stelle $x_0$: $ lim_(x->0) (f(x) - f(x_0))/(x-x_0) -f'(x_0) =0 $
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
*Ableitung Regeln*
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#grid(
|
|
||||||
row-gutter: 3mm,
|
|
||||||
columns: (1fr, 1fr),
|
|
||||||
grid.cell(
|
|
||||||
colspan: 2,
|
|
||||||
[$f(x) + g(x) : f'(x) + g'(x) $]
|
|
||||||
),
|
|
||||||
grid.cell(
|
|
||||||
colspan: 2,
|
|
||||||
[$f(x) dot g(x) : f'(x)g(x) + f(x)g'(x) $]
|
|
||||||
),
|
|
||||||
grid.cell(
|
|
||||||
colspan: 2,
|
|
||||||
[#MathAlignLeft($ f(x)/g(x) : (f'(x)g(x) - f(x)g'(x))/(g(x)^2) $)]
|
|
||||||
),
|
|
||||||
[$f(x) = c : f'(x) = 0$],
|
|
||||||
[$c dot f(x) : c dot f'(x)$],
|
|
||||||
[$(x^(-n)) n in NN : n x^(n-1)$],
|
|
||||||
[$e^(x) : e^(x)$],
|
|
||||||
)
|
|
||||||
- Kettenregel: $f(g(x)) : f'(g(x)) dot g'(x)$
|
|
||||||
],
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#block([
|
|
||||||
#set text(size: 10pt)
|
|
||||||
#table(
|
|
||||||
align: horizon,
|
|
||||||
columns: (1fr, 1fr, 1fr),
|
|
||||||
table.header([*$F(x)$*], [*$f(x)$*], [*$f'(x)$*]),
|
|
||||||
row-gutter: 1mm,
|
|
||||||
fill: (x, y) => if x == 0 { color.hsl(180deg, 89.47%, 88.82%) }
|
|
||||||
else if x == 1 { color.hsl(180deg, 100%, 93.14%) } else
|
|
||||||
{ color.hsl(180deg, 81.82%, 95.69%) },
|
|
||||||
[$1/(q + x) x^(q+1)$], [$x^q$], [$q x^(q-1)$],
|
|
||||||
[$ln abs(x)$], [$1/x$], [$-1/x^2$],
|
|
||||||
[$x ln(a x) - x$], [$ln(a x)$], [$1 / x$],
|
|
||||||
[$2/3 sqrt(a x^3)$], [$sqrt(a x)$], [$a/(2 sqrt(a x))$],
|
|
||||||
[$e^x$], [$e^x$], [$e^x$],
|
|
||||||
[$a^x/ln(a)$], [$a^x$], [$a^x ln(a)$],
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[$x arcsin(x) + sqrt(1 - x^2)$],
|
|
||||||
[$arcsin(x)$], [$1/sqrt(1 - x^2)$],
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[$x arccos(x) - sqrt(1 - x^2)$],
|
|
||||||
[$arccos(x)$], [$-1/sqrt(1 - x^2)$],
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[$x arctan(x) - 1/2 ln abs(1 + x^2)$],
|
|
||||||
[$arctan(x)$], [$1/(1 + x^2)$],
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[$x op("arccot")(x) + \ 1/2 ln abs(1 + x^2)$],
|
|
||||||
[$op("arccot")(x)$], [$-1/(1 + x^2)$],
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[$x op("arsinH")(x) + \ sqrt(1 + x^2)$],
|
|
||||||
[$op("arsinH")(x)$], [$1/sqrt(1 + x^2)$],
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[$x op("arcosH")(x) + \ sqrt(1 + x^2)$],
|
|
||||||
[$op("arcosH")(x)$], [$1/sqrt(x^2-1)$],
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
[$x op("artanH")(x) + \ 1/2 ln(1 - x^2)$],
|
|
||||||
[$op("artanH")(x)$], [$1/(1 - x^2)$],
|
|
||||||
)
|
|
||||||
])
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#bgBlock(fill: colorIntegral, [
|
|
||||||
#subHeading(fill: colorIntegral, [Integral])
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Summen: $integral f(x) + g(x) d x = integral f(x) d x + integral g(x)$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Vorfaktoren: $integral lambda f(x) d x = lambda f(x) d x$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
*Partial Integration*
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$integral u(x) dot v'(x) d x = u(x)v(x) - integral u'(x) dot v(x)$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
*Subsitution*
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$integral_(x_0)^(x_1) f\(underbrace(g(x), "t")\) dot g'(x) d x$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
1. Ersetzung: $ d x := d t dot 1/(g'(x))$ und $t := g(x)$
|
|
||||||
2. Grenzen: $t_0 = g(x_0)$, $t_1 = g(x_1)$
|
|
||||||
3. $x$-kürzen sich weg
|
|
||||||
])
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
]
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#bgBlock(fill: colorAllgemein, [
|
|
||||||
#subHeading(fill: colorAllgemein, [Sin-Table])
|
|
||||||
#sinTable
|
|
||||||
])
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#pagebreak()
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
== Folgen in $CC$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$z_n in C: lim z_n <=> lim abs(z_n -> infinity) = 0$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Alle folgen regelen gelten
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Complexe Folge kann man in Realteil und Imag zerlegen
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
z.B.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$z_n = z^n z in CC$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$z = abs(z) dot e^(i phi) = abs(z)^n$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
== Reihen in $CC$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Fast alles gilt auch.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Bis auf Leibnitzkriterium weil es keine Monotonie gibt
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Geometrische Reihe gilt.
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Exponential funktion
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#MathAlignLeft($ e^z = lim_(n -> infinity) (1 + z/n)^n = sum_(n=0)^infinity (z^n)/(n!) space z in CC $)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Vorsicht: $(b^a)^n = b^(a dot c)$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Potenzreihen: Eine Fn der form:
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
#MathAlignLeft($ P(z) = sum^(infinity)_(n=0) a_n dot (z - z_0)^n space z, z_0 in CC $)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
=== Satz
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Konvergenz Radius $R = [0, infinity)$$$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
1. $R = 0$ Konvergiet nur bei $z = 0$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
2. $R in R : cases(
|
|
||||||
z in CC &abs(z - z_0) < R &: "abs Konvergent",
|
|
||||||
z in CC &abs(z - z_0) = R &: "keine Ahnung",
|
|
||||||
z in CC &abs(z - z_0) > R &: "Divergent"
|
|
||||||
)$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$ R = limsup_(n -> infinity) $
|
|
||||||
#bgBlock(fill: colorIntegral, [
|
|
||||||
#subHeading(fill: colorIntegral, [Integral])
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Summen: $integral f(x) + g(x) d x = integral f(x) d x + integral g(x)$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
Vorfaktoren: $integral lambda f(x) d x = lambda f(x) d x$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
*Partial Integration*
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$integral u(x) dot v'(x) d x = u(x)v(x) - integral u'(x) dot v(x)$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
*Subsitution*
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
$integral_(x_0)^(x_1) f\(underbrace(g(x), "t")\) dot g'(x) d x$
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
1. Ersetzung: $ d x := d t dot 1/(g'(x))$ und $t := g(x)$
|
|
||||||
2. Grenzen: $t_0 = g(x_0)$, $t_1 = g(x_1)$
|
|
||||||
3. $x$-kürzen sich weg
|
|
||||||
])
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
54
src/build.py
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
|
|||||||
from jinja2 import Environment, FileSystemLoader, select_autoescape
|
|
||||||
from inventory import load_cheatsheet_inventory, download_cheatsheet, CheatsheetItem
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
import shutil
|
|
||||||
import datetime
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
INVENTORY_FILE = "cheatsheet_inventory.json"
|
|
||||||
STATIC_DIR = "static"
|
|
||||||
TEMPLATES_DIR = "templates"
|
|
||||||
OUTPUT_DIR = "out"
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
inv_raw = load_cheatsheet_inventory(INVENTORY_FILE)
|
|
||||||
inv: list[CheatsheetItem] = []
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
# Clear output directory
|
|
||||||
shutil.rmtree(OUTPUT_DIR, ignore_errors=True)
|
|
||||||
shutil.copytree(STATIC_DIR, OUTPUT_DIR)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
for i in inv_raw.items:
|
|
||||||
a = None
|
|
||||||
if i.cache:
|
|
||||||
print("Downloading", i.url)
|
|
||||||
url = download_cheatsheet(i, OUTPUT_DIR)
|
|
||||||
if url is not None:
|
|
||||||
i.url = url
|
|
||||||
a = i
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
else:
|
|
||||||
a = i
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
if a is not None:
|
|
||||||
inv.append(a)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
env = Environment(
|
|
||||||
loader=FileSystemLoader(TEMPLATES_DIR),
|
|
||||||
autoescape=select_autoescape()
|
|
||||||
)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
index = env.get_template("index.html.j2")
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
for i in inv:
|
|
||||||
print("-", i)
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
thisYear = datetime.datetime.now().year
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
with open(f"{OUTPUT_DIR}/index.html", "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
|
|
||||||
f.write(index.render(items=inv, thisYear=thisYear))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
with open(f"{OUTPUT_DIR}/impressum.html", "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
|
|
||||||
f.write(env.get_template("impressum.html.j2").render(thisYear=thisYear))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
with open(f"{OUTPUT_DIR}/license.html", "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
|
|
||||||
f.write(env.get_template("license.html.j2").render(thisYear=thisYear))
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
779
src/cheatsheets/Analysis1.typ
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,779 @@
|
|||||||
|
#import "@preview/mannot:0.3.1"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#import "../lib/ableitungs_tabelle.typ" : *
|
||||||
|
#import "../lib/common_rewrite.typ" : *
|
||||||
|
#import "../lib/mathExpressions.typ" : *
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#set text(7.5pt)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#set page(
|
||||||
|
paper: "a4",
|
||||||
|
margin: (
|
||||||
|
bottom: 10mm,
|
||||||
|
top: 5mm,
|
||||||
|
left: 5mm,
|
||||||
|
right: 5mm
|
||||||
|
),
|
||||||
|
flipped:true,
|
||||||
|
footer: context [
|
||||||
|
#grid(
|
||||||
|
align: center,
|
||||||
|
columns: (1fr, 1fr, 1fr),
|
||||||
|
[#align(left, datetime.today().display("[day].[month].[year]"))],
|
||||||
|
[#align(center, counter(page).display("- 1 -"))],
|
||||||
|
[#align(right, image("../images/cc0.png", height: 5mm,))]
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#place(top+center, scope: "parent", float: true, heading(
|
||||||
|
[Analysis 1 (IE)]
|
||||||
|
))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#let SeperatorLine = line(length: 100%, stroke: (paint: black, thickness: 0.3mm))
|
||||||
|
#let MathAlignLeft(e) = {
|
||||||
|
align(left, block(e))
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#let colorAllgemein = color.hsl(105.13deg, 92.13%, 75.1%)
|
||||||
|
#let colorFolgen = color.hsl(202.05deg, 92.13%, 75.1%)
|
||||||
|
#let colorReihen = color.hsl(280deg, 92.13%, 75.1%)
|
||||||
|
#let colorAbleitung = color.hsl(356.92deg, 92.13%, 75.1%)
|
||||||
|
#let colorIntegral = color.hsl(34.87deg, 92.13%, 75.1%)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#columns(5, gutter: 2mm)[
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Allgemeiner Shit
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorAllgemein)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorAllgemein)[Allgemeins]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#grid(
|
||||||
|
columns: (1fr, 1fr),
|
||||||
|
inset: 0mm,
|
||||||
|
gutter: 2mm,
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
*Dreiecksungleichung* \
|
||||||
|
$abs(x + y) <= abs(x) + abs(y)$ \
|
||||||
|
$abs(abs(x) - abs(y)) <= abs(x - y)$ \
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
*Cauchy-Schwarz-Ungleichung*\
|
||||||
|
$abs(x dot y) <= abs(abs(x) dot abs(y))$ \
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
*Geometrische Summenformel*\
|
||||||
|
$sum_(k=1)^(n) k = (n(n+1))/2$ \
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
*Bernoulli-Ungleichung* \
|
||||||
|
$(1 + a)^n x in RR >= 1 + n a$ \
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
*Binomialkoeffizient* $binom(n, k) = (n!)/(k!(n-k)!)$
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
*Binomische Formel*\
|
||||||
|
$(a + b)^n = sum^(n)_(k=0) binom(n,k) a^(n-k) b^k $ \
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
*Gaußklammer*: \
|
||||||
|
$floor(x) = text("floor")(x)$ \
|
||||||
|
$ceil(x) = text("ceil")(x)$ \
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$bold("Fakultäten") 0! = 1! = 1\
|
||||||
|
e approx 2.71828 quad quad quad pi approx 3.14159
|
||||||
|
$
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Complex Zahlen
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorAllgemein)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorAllgemein)[Complexe Zahlen]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#ComplexNumbersSection()
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#grid(
|
||||||
|
columns: (1fr, 1fr),
|
||||||
|
row-gutter: 2mm,
|
||||||
|
[$ sin(x) = (e^(i x) - e^(-i x))/(2i) $],
|
||||||
|
[$ cos(x) = (e^(i x) + e^(-i x))/(2) $],
|
||||||
|
grid.cell(
|
||||||
|
colspan: 1,
|
||||||
|
align: center,
|
||||||
|
$ tan(x) = 1/2i ln((1+i x)/(1-i x)) $
|
||||||
|
),
|
||||||
|
grid.cell(
|
||||||
|
colspan: 1,
|
||||||
|
align: center,
|
||||||
|
$ arctan(x) = 1/2i ln((1+i x)/(1-i x)) $
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorAllgemein)[Trigonmetrie]
|
||||||
|
*Additionstheorem* \
|
||||||
|
$sin(x+y) = cos(x)sin(y) + sin(x)cos(y)$ \
|
||||||
|
$cos(x+y) = cos(x)cos(y) - sin(x)sin(y)$ \
|
||||||
|
$tan(x +y) = (tan(a) + tan(b))/(1 - tan(a) tan(b))$ \
|
||||||
|
$arctan(x) + arctan(y) = arctan((x+y)/(1 - x y))$ \
|
||||||
|
$arctan(1/x) + arctan(x) = cases(
|
||||||
|
x > 0 : pi/2,
|
||||||
|
x < 0 : -pi/2
|
||||||
|
)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Doppelwinkel Formel* \
|
||||||
|
$cos(2x) = cos^2(x) - sin^2(x)$ \
|
||||||
|
$sin(2x) = 2sin(x)cos(x)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#grid(
|
||||||
|
gutter: 2mm,
|
||||||
|
columns: (auto, auto, auto),
|
||||||
|
$cos^2(x) = (1 + cos(2x))/2$,
|
||||||
|
$sin^2(x) = (1 - cos(2x))/2$
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$tan(x)=sin(x)/cos(x) = -cot(x + pi/2)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$cot(x)=cos(x)/sin(x)=-tan(x + pi/2)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#grid(
|
||||||
|
gutter: 5mm,
|
||||||
|
row-gutter: 3mm,
|
||||||
|
columns: (auto, auto),
|
||||||
|
[$cos(x - pi/2) = sin(x)$],
|
||||||
|
[$sin(x + pi/2) = cos(x)$],
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
$sin(x)cos(y) = 1/2sin(x - y) + 1/2sin(x + y)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Für $x in [-1, 1]$ \
|
||||||
|
$arcsin(x) = -arccos(x) - pi/2 in [-pi/2, pi/2]$ \
|
||||||
|
$arccos(x) = -arcsin(x) + pi/2 in [0, pi]$
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Folgen Allgemein
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorFolgen)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorFolgen)[Folgen]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Beschränkt:* $exists k in RR$ sodass $abs(a_n) <= k$
|
||||||
|
- Beweiße: durch Induktion
|
||||||
|
- Beweiße: Hat min. ein konvergent Teilefolge
|
||||||
|
- (Beweiße: Ungleichung $abs(a_n) <= k$)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Monoton fallend/steigended $a_(n+1) lt.eq.gt a_(n)$*
|
||||||
|
- Beweise: Induktion
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Konvergentz Allgemein*
|
||||||
|
$lim_(n -> infinity) a_n = a$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$forall epsilon > 0 space exists n_epsilon in NN$ sodass \
|
||||||
|
- Konvergent $-> a$: $a_n in [a - epsilon, a + epsilon] $
|
||||||
|
- unbeschränkt $=>$ Divergent
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Konvergentz Häufungspunkte*
|
||||||
|
- $a_n -> a <=>$ Alle Teilfolgen $-> a$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Folgen in $CC$* (Alle Regeln von $RR$ gelten)\
|
||||||
|
- $z_n in CC : lim z_n <=> lim abs(z_n) = 0$
|
||||||
|
- Zerlegen in $a + b i$ oder $abs(z) dot e^(i phi)$
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Folgen Strat
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorFolgen)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorFolgen)[Folgen Konvergenz Strategien]
|
||||||
|
- Von Bekannten Ausdrücken aufbauen
|
||||||
|
- *Monoton UND Beschränkt $=>$ Konvergenz*
|
||||||
|
- Fixpunk Gleichung: $a = f(a)$ \
|
||||||
|
für rekusive $a_(n+1) = f(a_n)$ (Zu erst machen!)
|
||||||
|
- Bernoulli-Ungleichung Folgen der Art $(a_n)^n$: \
|
||||||
|
$(1 + a)^n >= 1 + n a$
|
||||||
|
- Sandwitchtheorem:\
|
||||||
|
$b_n -> x$: $a_n <= b_n <= c_n$, wenn $a_n -> x$ und $c_n -> x$ \
|
||||||
|
- Zwerlegen in Konvergente Teil folgen \
|
||||||
|
(Vorallem bei $(-1)^n dot a_n$)
|
||||||
|
- (Cauchyfolge \
|
||||||
|
$forall epsilon > 0 space exists n_epsilon in NN space$ sodass \
|
||||||
|
$forall m,n >= n_epsilon : abs(a_n - a_m) < epsilon$ \
|
||||||
|
Cauchyfolge $=>$ Konvergenz)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Divergenz*
|
||||||
|
- $a_n$ unbeschränkt $=>$ divergenz
|
||||||
|
- Vergleichskriterium: \
|
||||||
|
$b_n -> -infinity$: $b_n <= c_n$, wenn $c_n -> -infinity$ \
|
||||||
|
$b_n -> +infinity$: $c_n <= b_n $, wenn $a_n -> +infinity$
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// L'Hospital
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorFolgen)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorFolgen)[L'Hospital]
|
||||||
|
$x in (a,b): limits(lim)_(x->b)f(x)/g(x)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
(Konvergenz gegen $b$, beliebiges $a$)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Bendingungen:
|
||||||
|
1. $limits(lim)_(x->b)f(x) = limits(lim)_(x->b)g(x)= 0 "oder" infinity$
|
||||||
|
2. $g'(x) != 0, x in (a,b)$
|
||||||
|
3. $limits(lim)_(x->b) (f'(x))/(g'(x))$ konveriert
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$=> limits(lim)_(x->b) (f'(x))/(g'(x)) = limits(lim)_(x->b) (f(x))/(g(x))$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Kann auch Reksuive angewendet werden!
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Bei "$infinity dot 0$" mit $f(x)g(x) = f(x)/(1/g(x))$
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Bekannte Folgen
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorFolgen)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorFolgen)[Bekannte Folgen]
|
||||||
|
#grid(
|
||||||
|
columns: (auto, auto),
|
||||||
|
align: bottom,
|
||||||
|
gutter: 2mm,
|
||||||
|
[$ lim_(n->infinity) (a_n + b_n) = a + b $],
|
||||||
|
grid.cell(
|
||||||
|
rowspan: 2,
|
||||||
|
[$ lim_(n->infinity) (a_n / b_n) = a / b $ für ($b != 0$)],
|
||||||
|
),
|
||||||
|
MathAlignLeft($ lim_(n->infinity) (a_n dot b_n) = a dot b $),
|
||||||
|
MathAlignLeft($ lim_(n->infinity) sqrt(a_n) = sqrt(a) $),
|
||||||
|
MathAlignLeft($ lim_(n->infinity) abs(a_n) = abs(a) $),
|
||||||
|
MathAlignLeft($ lim_(n->infinity) c dot a_n = c dot lim_(n->infinity) a_n $),
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#grid(
|
||||||
|
columns: (auto, auto),
|
||||||
|
column-gutter: 4mm,
|
||||||
|
row-gutter: 2mm,
|
||||||
|
align: bottom,
|
||||||
|
MathAlignLeft($ lim_(n->infinity) 1/n = 0 $),
|
||||||
|
MathAlignLeft($ lim_(n->infinity) sqrt(n) = + infinity $),
|
||||||
|
MathAlignLeft($ lim_(n->infinity) k = k, k in RR $),
|
||||||
|
MathAlignLeft($ e^x = lim_(n->infinity) (1 + x/n)^n $),
|
||||||
|
grid.cell(colspan: 2, MathAlignLeft($ lim_(n->infinity) q^n = cases(
|
||||||
|
0 &abs(q),
|
||||||
|
1 &q = 1,
|
||||||
|
plus.minus infinity &q < -1,
|
||||||
|
plus infinity #h(5mm) &q > 1
|
||||||
|
) $)), []
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Teilfolgen
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorFolgen)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorFolgen)[Teilfolgen]
|
||||||
|
$ a_k subset a_n space (text("z.B") k= 2n + 1) $
|
||||||
|
- Index muss streng monoton steigen!
|
||||||
|
- Beschränkte $a_n => text("min eine konvergente") a_k$
|
||||||
|
- Konvergenz-Werte von $a_k$ sind Häufungspunkte
|
||||||
|
- Wenn alle $a_k$ gegen #underline([genau eine]) Häufungspunk konverigiert $<=> a_n$ konvergent
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Reihen
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorReihen)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorReihen)[Reihen]
|
||||||
|
$limits(lim)_(n->infinity) a_n != 0 => limits(sum)_(n=1)^infinity a_n$ konverigiert NICHT \
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- *Absolute Konvergenz* \
|
||||||
|
$limits(sum)_(n=1)^infinity abs(a_n) = a => limits(sum)_(n=1)^infinity a_n$ konvergent
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- *Partialsummen* \
|
||||||
|
ALLE Partialsummen von $limits(sum)_(k=1)^infinity abs(a)$ beschränkt\
|
||||||
|
$=>$ _Absolute Konvergent_
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- *(Cauchy-Kriterium)*\
|
||||||
|
konvergent wenn $forall epsilon > 0 space exists n_epsilon in NN$ \
|
||||||
|
sodass $abs(s_n - s_m) = abs(limits(sum)_(k=m+1)^(n)) < epsilon space$ \
|
||||||
|
$forall n_epsilon < m < n $
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- *Leibnitzkriterium* \
|
||||||
|
Alternierend + Nullfolge \
|
||||||
|
$=> limits(sum)_(n=1)^infinity (-1)^n dot a_n$ konvergent
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- *Vergleichskriterium* \
|
||||||
|
$a_n, b_n : abs(a_n) <= b_n space forall n in NN > N_0, N_0 in NN$
|
||||||
|
1. $limits(sum)_(n=0)^infinity b_n$ konvergent $=> limits(sum)_(n=0)^infinity abs(a_n)$ konvergent \
|
||||||
|
Suche $b_n$ für Konvergenz
|
||||||
|
2. $limits(sum)_(n=0)^infinity abs(a_n)$ divergent $=> limits(sum)_(n=0)^infinity b_n$ divergent \
|
||||||
|
Suche $abs(a_n)$ für Divergenz
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Nützlich:
|
||||||
|
- Dreiecksungleichung
|
||||||
|
- $forall space n > N_0 in NN space exists k,q in RR$ \
|
||||||
|
sodass $q > 1$: $n^k <= q^n$ (Potenz stärker Polynom)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- *Quotientenkriterium und Wurzelkriterium*
|
||||||
|
1. $rho = lim_(n -> infinity) abs((a_(n+1))/(a_n)) $
|
||||||
|
2. $rho = lim_(n -> infinity) root(n, abs(a_(n+1))) $ \
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
divergent: $rho > 1$, keine Aussage $rho = 1$, konvergent $rho < 1$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Reihen in $CC$*
|
||||||
|
- Alles
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Potenzreihen
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorReihen)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorReihen)[Potenzreihen]
|
||||||
|
$P(z) = sum_(n=0)^infinity a_n dot (z- z_0)^n quad z,z_0 in CC$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#grid(
|
||||||
|
columns: (auto, auto),
|
||||||
|
column-gutter: 5mm,
|
||||||
|
row-gutter: 1.5mm,
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[*Konvergenzradius*], [$|z - z_0| < R : $ absolute Konvergenz],
|
||||||
|
[], [$|z - z_0| = R : $ Keine Aussage],
|
||||||
|
[], [$|z - z_0| > R : $ Divergent]
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#grid(
|
||||||
|
columns: (1fr, 1fr),
|
||||||
|
$R = lim_(n->infinity) abs(a_n/(a_(n+1))) = 1/(lim_(n->infinity) root(n, abs(a_n)))$,
|
||||||
|
$R = limits(liminf)_(n->infinity) abs(a_n/(a_(n+1))) = 1/(limits(limsup)_(n->infinity) root(n, abs(a_n)))$
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Bekannte Reihen
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorReihen)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorReihen)[Bekannte Reihen]
|
||||||
|
*Geometrische Reihe:* $sum_(n=0)^infinity q^n$
|
||||||
|
- konvergent $abs(q) < 1$, divergent $abs(q) >= 1$
|
||||||
|
- Grenzwert: (Muss $n=0$) $=1/(1-q)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Harmonische Reihe:* $sum_(n=0)^infinity 1/n = +infinity$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Binomische Reihe:*
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Reihendarstellungen*
|
||||||
|
#grid(
|
||||||
|
columns: (1fr),
|
||||||
|
gutter: 3mm,
|
||||||
|
row-gutter: 3mm,
|
||||||
|
$e^x = limits(sum)_(n=0)^m (x^n)/(n!) + O(x^(m+1))$,
|
||||||
|
$ln(x) = limits(sum)_(n=0)^m (-1)^n x^(n+1) + O(x^(m+1))$,
|
||||||
|
$sin(x) = limits(sum)_(n=0)^m (-1)^n (z^(2n+1))/((2n + 1)!) + O(x^(2m + 3))$,
|
||||||
|
$cos(x) = limits(sum)_(n=0)^m (-1)^n (z^(2n))/((2n)!) + O(x^(2m + 2))$
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Ableitung
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorAbleitung)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorAbleitung)[Funktionen]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$f(x) = y, f : A -> B$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Injectiv (Monomorphismus):* one to one\
|
||||||
|
$f(x) = f(y) <=> x = y quad$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Surjectiv (Epimorhismis):* Output space coverered \
|
||||||
|
- $forall y in B : exists x in A : f(x) = y$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Bijektiv*
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
injektiv UND Surjectiv $<=>$ Umkehrbar
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Funktions Sätze
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorAbleitung)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorAbleitung)[Funktionen Sätze]
|
||||||
|
$f(x)$ diff'bar $=> f(x)$ stetig
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$f(x)$ stetig diff'bar $=> f(x)$ diff'bar, stetig UND $f'(x)$ stetig
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#line(length: 100%, stroke: 0.3mm)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Sei $f : I =[a,b] -> RR$, stetig auf $x in I$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- *Zwischenwertsatz* \
|
||||||
|
$=> forall y in ["min", "max"] space exists text("min. ein") x in [a,b] : f(x) = y$ \
|
||||||
|
_Beweiß für mindest. n Nst_
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- *Mittelwertsatz der Diff'rechnung* \
|
||||||
|
diff'bar $x in (a,b)$ \
|
||||||
|
$=> exists x_0 : f'(x_0)=(f(b) - f(a))/(a-b)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- *Mittelwertsatz der Integralrechnung*\
|
||||||
|
$g -> RR "integrierbar," g(x)>= 0 forall x in [a,b]$\
|
||||||
|
$exists xi in [a,b] : integral_a^b f(x)g(x) d x = f(xi) integral_a^b g(x) d x$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- *Satze von Rolle* \
|
||||||
|
diffbar $x in (a,b)$\
|
||||||
|
$f(a) = f(b) => exists text("min. ein") x_0 in (a,b) : f'(x_0) = 0$\
|
||||||
|
_Beweiß für max. n Nst, durchWiederspruchsbweiß mit $f(a)=f(b)=0$ und Wiederholte Ableitung_
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- *Hauptsatz der Integralrechung*
|
||||||
|
Sei $f: [a,b] -> RR$ stetig
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$F(x) = integral_a^x f(t) d t, x in [a,b]$\
|
||||||
|
$=> F'(x) = f(x) forall x in [a,b]$
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Stetigkeit
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorAbleitung)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorAbleitung)[Stetigkeit]
|
||||||
|
*Allgemein*
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$f(x)$ ist stetig wenn: \
|
||||||
|
$limits(lim)_(x->x_0-) f(x) = limits(lim)_(x->x_0+) f(x) = f(x_0)$ \
|
||||||
|
$x in DD$ Beachten! Definitionslücken $!=$ unstätig \
|
||||||
|
Definition gilt auch für $I subset RR$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Regeln*
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$f(x),g(x)$ seinen stetig dann sind auch Stetig:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#grid(columns: (auto, auto, auto, auto, auto),
|
||||||
|
column-gutter: 4mm,
|
||||||
|
row-gutter: 2mm,
|
||||||
|
$f(x) + g(x)$, $f circle.small g$, $alpha dot f(x)$,
|
||||||
|
$f(x)/g(x)$, $f(x) dot g(x)$
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Bekannte Funktion*
|
||||||
|
#table(
|
||||||
|
columns: (1fr, 1fr),
|
||||||
|
table.header(
|
||||||
|
[*Stetig*], [*Nicht Stetig*]
|
||||||
|
),
|
||||||
|
stroke: (x, y) => (x: 0mm, y: 0.2mm),
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
- Polynome, gebrochen Rationale Fn
|
||||||
|
- $floor(x),ceil(x)$ für $x in RR without ZZ$
|
||||||
|
- Betrags Funktion
|
||||||
|
- $sin, cos, tan$
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
- Stufenfunktion
|
||||||
|
- Fall Unterscheidungen
|
||||||
|
- $floor(x),ceil(x)$ für $x in RR$
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Ableitung
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorAbleitung)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorAbleitung)[Ableitung]
|
||||||
|
*Differenzierbarkeit*
|
||||||
|
- $f(x)$ ist an der Stelle $x_0 in DD$ diffbar wenn \
|
||||||
|
$f'(x_0) = lim_(x->x_0^plus.minus) (f(x_0 + h) - f(x_0))/h$
|
||||||
|
- Tangente an $x_0$: $f(x_0) + f'(x_0)(x - x_0)$
|
||||||
|
- Beste #underline([linear]) Annäherung
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Ableitung Regeln*
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#grid(
|
||||||
|
row-gutter: 3mm,
|
||||||
|
columns: (1fr, 1fr),
|
||||||
|
grid.cell(
|
||||||
|
colspan: 2,
|
||||||
|
[$f(x) + g(x) : f'(x) + g'(x) $]
|
||||||
|
),
|
||||||
|
grid.cell(
|
||||||
|
colspan: 2,
|
||||||
|
[$f(x) dot g(x) : f'(x)g(x) + f(x)g'(x) $]
|
||||||
|
),
|
||||||
|
grid.cell(
|
||||||
|
colspan: 2,
|
||||||
|
[#MathAlignLeft($ f(x)/g(x) : (f'(x)g(x) - f(x)g'(x))/(g(x)^2) $)]
|
||||||
|
),
|
||||||
|
[$f(x) = c : f'(x) = 0$],
|
||||||
|
[$c dot f(x) : c dot f'(x)$],
|
||||||
|
[$(x^(-n)) n in NN : n x^(n-1)$],
|
||||||
|
[$e^(x) : e^(x)$],
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
- Kettenregel: $f(g(x)) : f'(g(x)) dot g'(x)$
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Ableitungstabelle
|
||||||
|
#block([
|
||||||
|
#set text(size: 7pt)
|
||||||
|
#ableitungsTabelle
|
||||||
|
])
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Extremstellen, Krümmung, Monotonie
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorAbleitung)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorAbleitung)[Extremstellen, Krümmung, Monotonie]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Monotonie* $forall x_0,x_1 in I, x_0 < x_1 <=> f(x_0) <= f(x_1)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Hinreichende: $f'(x) >= 0$ \
|
||||||
|
Konstante Funktion bei $f'(x) = 0$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Streng Monoton*
|
||||||
|
$forall x_0,x_1 in I, x_0 < x_1 <=> f(x_0) < f(x_1)$ \
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Notwendig: $f'(x) >= 0$ (Aber nicht hinreichend)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Extremstellen Kandiaten*
|
||||||
|
1. $f'(x) = 0$
|
||||||
|
2. Definitionslücken
|
||||||
|
3. Randstellen von $DD$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#grid(columns: (1fr, 1fr),
|
||||||
|
gutter: 2mm,
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
*Minima*\
|
||||||
|
$x_0,x in I : f(x_0) < f(x)$ \
|
||||||
|
$f''(x) > 0 $ \
|
||||||
|
$f'(x) : - space 0 space +$
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
*Maxima*\
|
||||||
|
$x_0,x in I : f(x_0) > f(x)$ \
|
||||||
|
$f''(x) < 0$ \
|
||||||
|
$f'(x) : + space 0 space -$
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
*Wendepunkt*\
|
||||||
|
$f''(x) = 0$ \
|
||||||
|
$f'(x) : plus.minus space ? space plus.minus$
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
*Stattelpunkt/Terrasenpunkt* \
|
||||||
|
$f'''(x) != 0$
|
||||||
|
$f''(x) = 0$ UND $f'(x) = 0$ \
|
||||||
|
$f'(x) : plus.minus space 0 space plus.minus$ \
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
*Extremstelle* \
|
||||||
|
$f'(x) = 0$
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#grid(columns: (1fr, 1fr),
|
||||||
|
gutter: 2mm,
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
*konkav* $f''(x) <= 0$ \ rechtsgekrümmt \
|
||||||
|
Sekante liegt unter $f(x)$ \
|
||||||
|
(eingebäult, von $y= -infinity$ aus)
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
*konvex* $f''(x) >= 0$ \ linksgekrümmt \
|
||||||
|
Sekante liegt über $f(x)$ \
|
||||||
|
(ausgebaucht, von $y= -infinity$ aus)
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Strange Konkav/Konvex* \
|
||||||
|
Notwendig $f''(x) lt.gt 0$
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Integral
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorIntegral, [
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorIntegral, [Integral])
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Wenn $f(x)$ stetig oder monoton $=>$ integrierbar
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Summen: $integral f(x) + g(x) d x = integral f(x) d x + integral g(x)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Vorfaktoren: $integral lambda f(x) d x = lambda f(x) d x$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Ungleichung:* \
|
||||||
|
$f(x) <= q(x) forall x in [a,b] => integral_a^b f(x) d x <= integral_a^b g(x) d x$ \
|
||||||
|
$abs(integral_a^b f(x) d x) <= integral_a^b abs(f(x)) d x$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Partial Integration*
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$integral u(x) dot v'(x) d x = u(x)v(x) - integral u'(x) dot v(x)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$integral_a^b u(x) dot v'(x) d x = [u(x)v(x)]_a^b - integral_a^b u'(x) dot v(x)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Subsitution*
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$integral_(x_0)^(x_1) f\(underbrace(g(x), "t")\) d x = integral_g(x_0)^g(x_1) f(t) dot <1/(g'(x)) d t$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
1. Ersetzung: $t := g(x)$
|
||||||
|
2. Umformen:
|
||||||
|
$(d t)/(d x) = g'(x)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Weierstrass Subsitution/Brechstange* \
|
||||||
|
Subsitution: $t = tan(x/2)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#grid(
|
||||||
|
columns: (1fr, 1fr),
|
||||||
|
row-gutter: 2.8mm,
|
||||||
|
$d x = 2/(1+t^2) d t$,
|
||||||
|
$sin(x) = 2t / (1 + t^2)$,
|
||||||
|
$tan(x) = (2t)/(1-t^2)$,
|
||||||
|
$cos(x) = (1-t^2) / (1 + t^2)$,
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Tricks aus der Schule*
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$integral f(a x+b) d x = 1/a F(a x + b) +c \
|
||||||
|
integral (f'(x))/f(x) d x = ln abs(f(x)) \
|
||||||
|
integral f'(x) e^(f(x)) d x = e^(f(x)) +c \
|
||||||
|
$
|
||||||
|
])
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorIntegral, [
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorIntegral, [Integral])
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Riemann Integral*\
|
||||||
|
$limits(sum)_(x=a)^(b) f(i)(x_())$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Summen: $integral f(x) + g(x) d x = integral f(x) d x + integral g(x)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Vorfaktoren: $integral lambda f(x) d x = lambda f(x) d x$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Integral Type*\
|
||||||
|
- Eigentliches Int.: $integral_a^b f(x) d x$
|
||||||
|
- Uneigentliches Int.: \
|
||||||
|
$limits(lim)_(epsilon -> 0) integral_a^(b + epsilon) f(x) d x$ \
|
||||||
|
$limits(lim)_(epsilon -> plus.minus infinity) integral_a^(epsilon) f(x) d x$
|
||||||
|
- Unbestimmtes Int.: $integral f(x) d x = F(x) + c, c in RR$- Uneigentliches Int.:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Cauchy-Hauptwert*
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$integral_(-infinity)^(+infinity) f(x)$ \
|
||||||
|
NUR konvergent wenn: \
|
||||||
|
$limits(lim)_(R -> -infinity) integral_(R)^(a) f(x) d x$ und $limits(lim)_(R -> infinity) integral_(a)^(R) f(x) d x$ konvergent für $a in RR$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$integral_(-infinity)^(infinity) f(x) d x$ existiert \
|
||||||
|
$=> lim_(M -> infinity) integral_(-M)^(M) f(x) d x = integral_(-infinity)^(infinity) f(x) d x$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Partial Integration*
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$integral u(x) dot v'(x) d x = u(x)v(x) - integral u'(x) dot v(x)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Subsitution*
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$integral_(x_0)^(x_1) f\(underbrace(g(x), "t")\) dot 1/(g'(x)) d t$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
1. Ersetzung: $ d x := 1/g'(x) dot d t$ und $t := g(x)$
|
||||||
|
2. Grenzen: $t_0 = g(x_0)$, $t_1 = g(x_1)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Absolute "Konvergenz"* \
|
||||||
|
Wenn $g(x)$ konvergent,
|
||||||
|
$abs(f(x)) <= g(x) => $ $f(x)$ konvergent
|
||||||
|
])
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorIntegral, [
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorIntegral)[Partial-Bruch-Zerlegung]
|
||||||
|
Form: $integral "Zähler Polynom"/"Nenner Polynom"$,
|
||||||
|
$deg("Nenner") < deg("Zähler")$
|
||||||
|
1. $deg("Zähler") >= deg("Nenner") ->$ *Polynomdivision*
|
||||||
|
2. *Faktorisieren des Nenners (Nst finden)*, \
|
||||||
|
Polynomdivision, Raten, Binomische Formel \
|
||||||
|
Resulat: $N = (x - x_0)^(n_0+)(x - x_1)^(n_1)... (x^2+b x + c)^(m_1)$
|
||||||
|
3. *Ansatz:* $A$\
|
||||||
|
$(x-x_0)^n -> A/((x - x_0)^n) + B/((x - x_0)^(n-1)) ... + C/(x - x_0)$\
|
||||||
|
$(x^2 + b x + c)^n -> (A x + B)/((x^2 + b x + c)^n) ... + (C x + D)/((x^2 + b x + c)^1) $
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
4. *Durchmul.* $"Ansatz" dot 1/("Fakt. Nenner") = "Zähler"$
|
||||||
|
5. $A,B,...$ :
|
||||||
|
Nst einsetzen, dann Koeffizientenvergleich
|
||||||
|
6. *Intergral wiederzusammen setzen $+c$*
|
||||||
|
7. *Summen teile Integrieren*
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$integral 1/(x-a) d x = ln(x - a) + c\
|
||||||
|
integral 1/(x-a)^n d x = - 1/(n-1) 1/(x - a)^(n-1) + c quad "für" n >= 2 \
|
||||||
|
integral 1/((x - a)^2 + b^2) d x = 1/b arctan((x - a)/b) + c quad "für" n > 0\
|
||||||
|
integral (x - a)/((x-a)^a + b^2) d x = 1/2 ln((x-a)^2 + b^2) + c \
|
||||||
|
$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#grid(
|
||||||
|
columns: (1fr),
|
||||||
|
column-gutter: 2mm,
|
||||||
|
row-gutter: 4mm,
|
||||||
|
$integral 1/x d x = ln abs(x) +c$,
|
||||||
|
$integral 1/x^2 d x = - 1/x + c$,
|
||||||
|
$integral 1/(a + x) d x = ln abs(a + x) + c$,
|
||||||
|
$integral 1/(a + x)^2 d x = - 1/(a + x) + c$,
|
||||||
|
$integral 1/(a - x) d x = - ln abs(a - x) + c$,
|
||||||
|
$integral 1/(a - x)^2 d x = 1/(a - x) + c$
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
])
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorAllgemein, [
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorAllgemein, [Sin-Table])
|
||||||
|
#sinTable
|
||||||
|
])
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
/*
|
||||||
|
// Notwending und Hinreichend
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorAllgemein, [
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorAllgemein)[Notwending und Hinreiched]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#grid(columns: (1fr, 1fr),
|
||||||
|
gutter: 2mm,
|
||||||
|
inset: (left: 2mm, right: 2mm),
|
||||||
|
$not "not." => not "Satz"$,
|
||||||
|
$"hin." => "Satz"$,
|
||||||
|
$"Satz" => forall "not." $,
|
||||||
|
$not "Satz" => forall not "hin." $,
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$"not." arrow.r.double.not "Satz"$,
|
||||||
|
$not "hin." arrow.r.double.not "Satz"$,
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
])
|
||||||
|
*/
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Taylor Reihen
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorAbleitung)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorAbleitung)[Taylorreihe]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$T_m (x_0;x) = sum^m_(k=0) (f^((k))(x_0))/(k!) (x-x_0)^k$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$f(x) = T_m (x_0;x) + R_(m+1)(x_0;x)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Restglied* \
|
||||||
|
$I = (a,b) quad x_0,x in I$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$R_(m+1) (x) = 1/(m!) integral_(x_0)^x (x-t)^m f^((m+1))(t) d t$ \
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$forall x in I space space exists xi_x in I "sodass" \
|
||||||
|
R_(m+1)(x_0;x) = (f^((m+1))(xi_x))/((m + 1)!) (x - x_0)^(m+1)\
|
||||||
|
= f(x_0 + h) - T_m (x_0; x_0 + h) = o(h^m) = O(h^(m+1))$
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Lamdauer Notation
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorFolgen, [
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorFolgen)[Landau Notation]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$f(x) = o(g(x)) "wenn" lim_(x->a) f(x)/g(x) = 0 \
|
||||||
|
f(x) = O(g(x)) "wenn" abs(f(x)) <= abs(g(g))$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Rechen Regelen* \
|
||||||
|
- $f = o(g) => f = O(g)$
|
||||||
|
- $f_1 + f_2 = O\/o(f_1) + O\/o(f_2)$
|
||||||
|
- $f_1 dot f_2 = O\/o(f_1 dot f_2)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
])
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Kurven
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorAbleitung)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorAbleitung)[Kurven]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Länge einer Kurve $k(t)$: $L(k) = integral_a^b norm(k'(t)) d t$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Umparametrisierung: $h(tau)$ *streng monoton steigended* \
|
||||||
|
$h(tau): [a,b] -> [overline(a), overline(b)]$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$overline(k): [overline(a), overline(b)] -> R^n, quad overline(k) = k(h(tau))$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Parametriesierung nach Länge: \
|
||||||
|
$s(t) = integral_a^t norm(k'(tau)) d tau quad overline(k)(tau) = k(s^(-1)(tau))$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Wenn $k$ nach Länge param.: $T(t) =k'(t)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Tangentenvektor: $T(t) = (k'(t))/norm(k'(t))$ \
|
||||||
|
Krümmung: $kappa(t) = 1/(s'(t)) norm(T'(t))$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$RR^2: kappa(t) = abs(x'(t)y''(t) - y'(t)x''(t))/((x'(t)^2 + y'(r)^2)^(3/2))$ \
|
||||||
|
Param Länge: $kappa(t) = abs(x'(t)y''(t) - y'(t)x''(t))$
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
443
src/cheatsheets/CT.typ
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,443 @@
|
|||||||
|
#import "../lib/styles.typ" : *
|
||||||
|
#import "../lib/common_rewrite.typ" : *
|
||||||
|
#import "../lib/bit_fields.typ" : *
|
||||||
|
#import "@preview/cetz:0.4.2"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#set page(
|
||||||
|
paper: "a4",
|
||||||
|
margin: (
|
||||||
|
bottom: 10mm,
|
||||||
|
top: 5mm,
|
||||||
|
left: 5mm,
|
||||||
|
right: 5mm
|
||||||
|
),
|
||||||
|
flipped:true,
|
||||||
|
numbering: "— 1 —",
|
||||||
|
number-align: center
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#set text(size: 8pt)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#place(top+center, scope: "parent", float: true, heading(
|
||||||
|
[Computer Technik/Programmierpraktikum EI]
|
||||||
|
))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#let Allgemein = color.hsl(105.13deg, 92.13%, 75.1%)
|
||||||
|
#let colorProgramming = color.hsl(330.19deg, 100%, 68.43%)
|
||||||
|
#let colorNumberSystems = color.hsl(202.05deg, 92.13%, 75.1%)
|
||||||
|
#let colorMMIX = color.hsl(280deg, 92.13%, 75.1%)
|
||||||
|
#let colorRandomShit = color.hsl(356.92deg, 92.13%, 75.1%)
|
||||||
|
// #let colorGruppen = color.hsl(34.87deg, 92.13%, 75.1%)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#let SeperatorLine = line(length: 100%, stroke: (paint: black, thickness: 0.3mm))
|
||||||
|
#let MathAlignLeft(e) = {
|
||||||
|
align(left, block(e))
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
#columns(2, gutter: 2mm)[
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorNumberSystems)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorNumberSystems)[ASCII Ranges]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#table(
|
||||||
|
columns: (1fr, 1fr, 1fr),
|
||||||
|
[Range], [Hex], [Bits],
|
||||||
|
[Upper Case], raw("0x41-0x5A"), [#raw("010XXXXX") (bit 6)],
|
||||||
|
[Lower Case], raw("0x61-0x7A"), [#raw("011XXXXX") (bit 6)],
|
||||||
|
[Numbers (0-9)], raw("0x30-0x39"), [#raw("0011XXXX")],
|
||||||
|
[Ganz ASCII], raw("0x00-0x7F"), [#raw("0XXXXXXX")],
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorNumberSystems)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorNumberSystems)[Fixed Point]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#table(
|
||||||
|
columns: 17,
|
||||||
|
fill: (x, y) => if calc.rem(x, 2) == 1 { tableFillLow } else { tableFillHigh },
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
.. for i in range(0,17) {
|
||||||
|
([$2^#i$],)
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
.. for i in range(0,17) {
|
||||||
|
($#calc.pow(2,i)$,)
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#columns(2, [
|
||||||
|
*Vorzeichen und Betrag:*
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#grid(
|
||||||
|
columns: (2fr, 1fr),
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
$x = (-1)^"sign-bit" dot "Betrag"$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$0 -> "positiv", 1 -> "negativ"$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Range: \ $(-2^(n-1) - 1) dot 2^r$ bis $(2^(n-1) - 1) dot 2^r$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Achtung: $plus.minus 0$
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
image("../images/ct/betragUndVorzeich.png", width: 2cm)
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#line(length: 100%, stroke: (thickness: 0.2mm))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Einer-Komplement*
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#grid(
|
||||||
|
columns: (2fr, 1fr),
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
$x = (-1)^"sign-bit" dot "Betrag"$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$0 -> "positiv normaler Betrag"$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$1 -> "negativ INVERT. Betrag"$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Range: \
|
||||||
|
$(-2^(n-1) - 1) dot 2^r$ bis $(2^(n-1) - 1) dot 2^r$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Achtung: $plus.minus 0$
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
image("../images/ct/einerKomplement.png", width: 2cm)
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
#colbreak()
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Zweier-Komplement*
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#grid(
|
||||||
|
columns: (2fr, 1fr),
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
$x = (-1)^"sign-bit" dot "Betrag"$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$0 -> "positiv"$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$1 -> "negativ"$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Range: \ $(-2^(n-1)) dot 2^r$ bis $(2^(n-1) - 1) dot 2^r$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Positiv: Normal Binär Kodierung
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Negativ: #raw("Invertiert(Binär) + 1")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
image("../images/ct/zweierKomplement.png", width: 2cm)
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#line(length: 100%, stroke: (thickness: 0.2mm))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Radix / Fixed Point*
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$r = 0$ Normal Falle, nix änder sich
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$r > 0$ : Komma nach Rechts und Nullen auffüllen \
|
||||||
|
Bsp. $r = 3 quad ->$ #raw("xxxxxxx000.")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$r < 0$ : Komma nach Links verschieben \
|
||||||
|
Bsp: $r = -4 quad ->$ #raw("xxxxx.xxxx")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
])
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#colbreak()
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorNumberSystems)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorNumberSystems)[Float (IEEE 754)]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Float (IEEE 754)*
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#cetz.canvas({
|
||||||
|
import cetz.draw : *
|
||||||
|
let cell_size = 0.3;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
let manntise_stop = 22;
|
||||||
|
let exponent_start = 23;
|
||||||
|
let exponent_stop = 30;
|
||||||
|
let sign_bit = 31;
|
||||||
|
let total_bits = sign_bit + 1;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
for i in range(total_bits) {
|
||||||
|
let bit = 31 - i;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
rect((i*cell_size, 0), (i*cell_size+cell_size, 0.5),
|
||||||
|
fill: if bit == sign_bit { rgb("#8fff57") } else {
|
||||||
|
if ( bit >= exponent_start and bit <= exponent_stop) { rgb("#ffe057") } else { if (bit <= manntise_stop) {rgb("#57a5ff")} else { white } }
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
stroke: (thickness: 0.2mm)
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
content((i*cell_size + 0.5*cell_size, 0.25), raw(str(0)))
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
content((cell_size, 0.7), [sign], anchor: "east")
|
||||||
|
content((5*cell_size, 0.7), [Exponent (#str(exponent_stop - exponent_start + 1) bit)])
|
||||||
|
content((20*cell_size, 0.7), [Mantisse/Wert (#str(manntise_stop+1) bit)])
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
rect((0,0), (32*cell_size, 0.5))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
content((cell_size*(total_bits - sign_bit), -0.2), anchor: "south", raw(str(sign_bit)), angle: 90deg)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
content((cell_size*(total_bits - exponent_stop), -0.2), anchor: "south", raw(str(exponent_stop)), angle: 90deg)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
content((cell_size*(total_bits - exponent_start), -0.2), anchor: "south", raw(str(exponent_start)), angle: 90deg)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
content((cell_size*(total_bits - manntise_stop), -0.2), anchor: "south", raw(str(manntise_stop)), angle: 90deg)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
content((cell_size*(total_bits), -0.2), anchor: "south", raw(str(0)), angle: 90deg)
|
||||||
|
})
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#cetz.canvas({
|
||||||
|
import cetz.draw : *
|
||||||
|
let cell_size = 0.21;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
let manntise_stop = 51;
|
||||||
|
let exponent_start = 52;
|
||||||
|
let exponent_stop = 62;
|
||||||
|
let sign_bit = 63;
|
||||||
|
let total_bits = sign_bit + 1;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
for i in range(total_bits) {
|
||||||
|
let bit = sign_bit - i;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
rect((i*cell_size, 0), (i*cell_size+cell_size, 0.5),
|
||||||
|
fill: if bit == sign_bit { rgb("#8fff57") } else {
|
||||||
|
if ( bit >= exponent_start and bit <= exponent_stop) { rgb("#ffe057") } else { if (bit <= manntise_stop) {rgb("#57a5ff")} else { white } }
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
stroke: (thickness: 0.2mm)
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
content((i*cell_size + 0.5*cell_size, 0.25), raw(str(0)))
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
content((cell_size, 0.7), [sign], anchor: "east")
|
||||||
|
content((7*cell_size, 0.7), [Exponent (#str(exponent_stop - exponent_start + 1) bit)])
|
||||||
|
content((20*cell_size, 0.7), [Mantisse/Wert (#str(manntise_stop+1) bit)])
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
rect((0,0), (total_bits*cell_size, 0.5))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
content((cell_size*(total_bits - sign_bit), -0.2), anchor: "south", raw(str(sign_bit)), angle: 90deg)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
content((cell_size*(total_bits - exponent_stop), -0.2), anchor: "south", raw(str(exponent_stop)), angle: 90deg)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
content((cell_size*(total_bits - exponent_start), -0.2), anchor: "south", raw(str(exponent_start)), angle: 90deg)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
content((cell_size*(total_bits - manntise_stop), -0.2), anchor: "south", raw(str(manntise_stop)), angle: 90deg)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
content((cell_size*(total_bits), -0.2), anchor: "south", raw(str(0)), angle: 90deg)
|
||||||
|
})
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$x = (-1)^"sign" dot #raw("1.[mantisse]") dot 2^(("exponent" - k))$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#grid(
|
||||||
|
columns: (auto, auto),
|
||||||
|
column-gutter: 5mm,
|
||||||
|
row-gutter: 2mm,
|
||||||
|
$"float32"&, k = 127 &= #raw(" 111 1111") "(7 x Einser)" \
|
||||||
|
"float64"&, k = 1023 &= #raw("11 1111 1111") "(10 x Einser)"$
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Spezial Cases*
|
||||||
|
#table(
|
||||||
|
columns: (auto, auto),
|
||||||
|
[$0$], [exponent = 0 \ mantisse = 0],
|
||||||
|
[$plus.minus infinity$], [exponent = alle 1 \ mantisse = 0],
|
||||||
|
[NaN], [exponent = alle 1 \ mantisse > 0],
|
||||||
|
[denormalisierte Float], [exponent = 0 \ mantisse > 0],
|
||||||
|
[normalisierter Float], [0 < exponent < 255/2047]
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorProgramming)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorProgramming)[C]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#table(
|
||||||
|
columns: (auto, auto, auto),
|
||||||
|
fill: (x, y) => if calc.rem(y, 2) == 0 { tableFillLow } else { tableFillHigh },
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[*C-Type*], [*min size*], [*typ. size*],
|
||||||
|
raw("char"), raw("1 byte"), raw("1 byte"),
|
||||||
|
raw("short (int)"), raw("2 byte"), raw("2 byte"),
|
||||||
|
raw("int"), raw("2 byte"), raw("4 byte"),
|
||||||
|
raw("long (int)"), raw("4 byte"), raw("8 byte"),
|
||||||
|
raw("long long"), raw("4 byte"), raw("8 byte"),
|
||||||
|
raw("float"), raw("4 byte"), raw("4 byte"),
|
||||||
|
raw("double"), raw("8 byte"), raw("8 byte"),
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#table(
|
||||||
|
columns: (auto, 1fr),
|
||||||
|
fill: white,
|
||||||
|
raw("restrict", lang: "c"), [
|
||||||
|
Funktions Argument modifier
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Gibt compiler den hint, das eine Pointer nur in der Funktion verwedent wird. Kann besser optimiert werden
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
raw("volatile", lang: "c"), [
|
||||||
|
Zwingt Compiler den Funktion/Variable nicht wegzuoptimieren
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorProgramming)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorProgramming)[#raw("scanf/printf") Format Specifier]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#columns(2)[
|
||||||
|
*printf*
|
||||||
|
#table(
|
||||||
|
columns: (auto, auto),
|
||||||
|
fill: (x, y) => if calc.rem(y, 2) == 0 { tableFillLow } else { tableFillHigh },
|
||||||
|
raw("%s"), [*String*],
|
||||||
|
raw("%d"), [*Decimal: #raw("int/short/long"))*],
|
||||||
|
raw("%f"), [*Float*],
|
||||||
|
raw("%f"), [*Float*],
|
||||||
|
raw("%lf"), [*Double*],
|
||||||
|
raw("%x"), [* Hexdecimal #raw("int/short/long")*],
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Allgemeiner Syntax: #raw("%[flags][width][.precision]type")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Flags:
|
||||||
|
- #raw("0") Prepend With left aligned
|
||||||
|
- #raw("-") Left-aligned
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#table(columns: (auto, auto),
|
||||||
|
fill: (x, y) => if calc.rem(y, 2) == 0 { tableFillLow } else { tableFillHigh },
|
||||||
|
raw("\\n"), [New Line],
|
||||||
|
raw("\\t"), [Tab],
|
||||||
|
raw("\\0"), [Null Terminator],
|
||||||
|
raw("\\\\"), [#raw("\\")],
|
||||||
|
raw("\\\""), [#raw("\"")],
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#colbreak()
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*scanf*
|
||||||
|
#table(
|
||||||
|
columns: (auto, auto),
|
||||||
|
fill: (x, y) => if calc.rem(y, 2) == 0 { tableFillLow } else { tableFillHigh },
|
||||||
|
raw("%[size of String]s"), [*String* \ Size of String (without the #raw("\\0")) \ Terminates with Whitespace],
|
||||||
|
raw("%i"), [*#raw("int")*],
|
||||||
|
raw("%f"), [*#raw("float")*],
|
||||||
|
raw("%lf"), [*#raw("double")*],
|
||||||
|
raw("%x"), [*#raw("int")* als Hexadezimal],
|
||||||
|
raw("%c"), [*#raw("char")* ],
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#raw("fgets(char * s, int count, stdin)")
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorMMIX)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorMMIX)[MMIX]
|
||||||
|
- $32$ Speziel Register
|
||||||
|
- $256$ Allzwickregister
|
||||||
|
- $2^64$ Speicher
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Wort: $64$ Bit
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Calling Convensions*
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#cetz.canvas({
|
||||||
|
import cetz.draw : *
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
let cellHeight = 0.4
|
||||||
|
let cellWidth = 2
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
let c(y, c, x: 0, number: "") = {
|
||||||
|
rect((x, cellHeight*y), (x + cellWidth, cellHeight*(y+1)), fill: white)
|
||||||
|
content((x+ cellWidth/2, cellHeight*(y+0.5)), c)
|
||||||
|
content((x - 0.2, cellHeight*(y+0.5)), number, anchor: "mid-east")
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
c(0, "3.Param", number: raw("0x3FFFFFFFFFFFFFF8"))
|
||||||
|
c(1, "2.Param", number: raw("0x3FFFFFFFFFFFFFF0"))
|
||||||
|
c(2, "1.Param", number: raw("0x3FFFFFFFFFFFFFE8"))
|
||||||
|
c(3, "Sicherung $1", number: raw("0x3FFFFFFFFFFFFFE0"))
|
||||||
|
c(4, "Sicherung $2", number: raw("0x3FFFFFFFFFFFFFD8"))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
c(0, "Rückgabe wert", x: cellWidth)
|
||||||
|
})
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#colbreak()
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#text(rgb("#1a00aa"))[
|
||||||
|
*1. (Aufrufer) Parameter auf Stack ablegen*\
|
||||||
|
#raw("SUB :SP,:SP,n*8
|
||||||
|
STO $x0,:SP,0*8
|
||||||
|
STO $x1,:SP,1*8
|
||||||
|
...
|
||||||
|
STO $xn,:SP,n*8")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*2. (Aufrufer) Funktions Aufruf*\
|
||||||
|
#raw("GO $0,:Fkt")
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#text(rgb("#aa0000"))[
|
||||||
|
*3. (Funktion) Sicherung der Register*\
|
||||||
|
#raw("SUB :SP,:SP,n*8
|
||||||
|
STO $y0,:SP,0*8
|
||||||
|
STO $y1,:SP,1*8
|
||||||
|
...
|
||||||
|
STO $yn,:SP,n*8")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*4. (Funktion) Funktions Code*\
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*5. (Funktion) Schreiben des Rückgabewerts*\
|
||||||
|
#raw("
|
||||||
|
STO $r,:SP,m*8
|
||||||
|
")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*6. (Funktion) Wiederherstellung der Register*\
|
||||||
|
#raw("LDO $x0,:SP, 0*8 + k
|
||||||
|
LDO $x1,:SP, 1*8 + k
|
||||||
|
...
|
||||||
|
LDO $xn,:SP, n*8 + k
|
||||||
|
")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*7. (Funktion) Rücksprung*\
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#text(rgb("#1a00aa"))[
|
||||||
|
*8. (Aufrufer) Lesen des Rückgabewerts*\
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorRandomShit)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorRandomShit)[Register Register Magista]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Zwei-Address-Maschine:* $quad X <-- X dot.o Y$, Parameter: $(X,Y)$ \
|
||||||
|
*Drei-Address-Maschine:* $quad X <-- Y dot.o Z$, Parameter: $(X,Y,Z)$ \
|
||||||
|
*Ein-Address-Maschine:* $quad "ACC" <-- X$, Parameter: $(X)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Register-Speicher-Architekture:* \
|
||||||
|
Operanden können Register und Addressen sein
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Register-Register-Archiektur/Load-Store-Architektur* \
|
||||||
|
Operanden nur Register. Extra Befehle fürs Laden aus Speicher
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*CISC*: Complex Instruction Set Architecture
|
||||||
|
- Eine Befehl kann viel $->$ Wenige Befehle
|
||||||
|
- Befehlslänge Variable (meistens)
|
||||||
|
- z.B. x86
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*RISC*: Reduced Instruction Set Architecture
|
||||||
|
- Eine Befehl kann wenig $->$ Viel Befehle
|
||||||
|
- Befehlslänge fix (meistens)
|
||||||
|
- z.B. Arm, RISC, MMIX
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Universal Rechner*
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- M1: Ergebnis Qulle
|
||||||
|
- Input a,b,c oder ALU
|
||||||
|
- M2: ALU Operation
|
||||||
|
- M3,M4: Operanden
|
||||||
|
- R0-R7
|
||||||
|
- D: Ergebnis Register
|
||||||
|
- R0-R7
|
||||||
|
- K: Konstante für Operanden
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
1286
src/cheatsheets/Digitaltechnik.typ
Normal file
901
src/cheatsheets/LinearAlgebra.typ
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,901 @@
|
|||||||
|
#import "@preview/biceps:0.0.1" : *
|
||||||
|
#import "@preview/mannot:0.3.1"
|
||||||
|
#import "@preview/fletcher:0.5.8"
|
||||||
|
#import "@preview/cetz:0.4.2"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#import "../lib/styles.typ" : *
|
||||||
|
#import "../lib/common_rewrite.typ" : *
|
||||||
|
#import "../lib/mathExpressions.typ" : *
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#set page(
|
||||||
|
paper: "a4",
|
||||||
|
margin: (
|
||||||
|
bottom: 10mm,
|
||||||
|
top: 5mm,
|
||||||
|
left: 5mm,
|
||||||
|
right: 5mm
|
||||||
|
),
|
||||||
|
flipped:true,
|
||||||
|
numbering: "— 1 —",
|
||||||
|
number-align: center
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#set text(size: 6pt)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#place(top+center, scope: "parent", float: true, heading(
|
||||||
|
[Linear Algebra EI]
|
||||||
|
))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#let colorAllgemein = color.hsl(105.13deg, 92.13%, 75.1%)
|
||||||
|
#let colorMatrixVerfahren = color.hsl(330.19deg, 100%, 68.43%)
|
||||||
|
#let colorMatrix = color.hsl(202.05deg, 92.13%, 75.1%)
|
||||||
|
#let colorVR = color.hsl(280deg, 92.13%, 75.1%)
|
||||||
|
#let colorAbbildungen = color.hsl(356.92deg, 92.13%, 75.1%)
|
||||||
|
#let colorGruppen = color.hsl(34.87deg, 92.13%, 75.1%)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#let MathAlignLeft(e) = {
|
||||||
|
align(left, block(e))
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
#columns(5, gutter: 2mm)[
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Gruppen
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorGruppen)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorGruppen)[Gruppen]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Halbgruppe:* $(M, compose): M times M arrow M$
|
||||||
|
- Assoziativgesetz: $a dot (b dot c) = (a dot b) dot c$ \
|
||||||
|
z.B. Komposition von Funktionen
|
||||||
|
- Abgeschlossenheit
|
||||||
|
*Monoid* Halbgruppe $M$ mit:
|
||||||
|
- Neutrales-/Identäts-Element: $e in M : a e = e a = a$
|
||||||
|
*Kommutativ/abelsch:* Halbgruppe/Monoid mit
|
||||||
|
- Kommutativgesetz $a dot b = b dot a$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#SeperatorLine
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Gruppe:* Monoid mit
|
||||||
|
- Inverse: $forall a in G : exists space a a^(-1) = a^(-1)a = e$
|
||||||
|
- Eindeutig Lösung für Gleichungen
|
||||||
|
Zusatz:
|
||||||
|
- Inverseregel: $(a dot b)^(-1) = b^(-1) dot a^(-1)$
|
||||||
|
- Wenn $a = a^(-1) =>$ Gruppe kommutativ
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Untergruppe:*
|
||||||
|
- Gruppe: $(G, dot)$, $U subset G$
|
||||||
|
- $a,b in U <=> a dot b in U$
|
||||||
|
- $a in U <=> a^(-1) in U$
|
||||||
|
- $e in U$ (Neutrales Element)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Direktes Produkt:*\
|
||||||
|
$(G_1,dot_1) times (G_2,dot_2) times ... $ \
|
||||||
|
$(a_1,b_1,...)(a_2,b_2,...)= (a_1 dot_1 b_1, a_2 dot_2 b_2, ...)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#SeperatorLine
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Ring:* (auch Schiefkörper) Menge $R$ mit:
|
||||||
|
- $(R, +)$ kommutativ Gruppe
|
||||||
|
- $(R, dot)$ Halbgruppe
|
||||||
|
- $(a + b) dot c = (a dot c) + (a dot b) space$ (Distributiv Gesetz)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Körper:* Menge $K$ mit:
|
||||||
|
- $(K, +), (K without {0} , dot)$ kommutativ Gruppe \
|
||||||
|
($0$ ist Neutrales Element von $+$)
|
||||||
|
- $(a + b) dot c = (a dot c) + (a dot b) space$ (Distributiv Gesetz)
|
||||||
|
_Beweiß durch Überprüfung der Eigneschaften_
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#SeperatorLine
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$S_n$: Symetrisch Gruppe (Permutation von element) \
|
||||||
|
$(S_n, compose)$ ist Gruppe, aber nicht kommutativ
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
/*
|
||||||
|
// Komplex Zahlen
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorAllgemein)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorAllgemein)[Komplexe Zahlen]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#ComplexNumbersSection()
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
*/
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Matrix Typen
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorMatrix)[
|
||||||
|
#let colred(x) = text(fill: red, $#x$)
|
||||||
|
#let colblue(x) = text(fill: blue, $#x$)
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorMatrix)[Matrix Typen]
|
||||||
|
#align(center, scale($colred(m "Zeilen") colblue(n "Splate") A in KK^(colred(m) times colblue(n))$, 110%)) #grid(columns: (1fr, 1fr),
|
||||||
|
$quad mat(
|
||||||
|
a_11, a_12, ..., a_(1n);
|
||||||
|
a_21, a_22, ..., a_(2n);
|
||||||
|
dots.v, dots.v, dots.down, dots.v;
|
||||||
|
a_(m 1), a_(m 2), ..., a_(m n)
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
$,
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
cetz.canvas({
|
||||||
|
import cetz.draw : *
|
||||||
|
let scale = 0.76;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
rect((0, 0), (1*scale, 1*scale), fill: rgb("#9292926b"))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
set-style(mark: (end: (symbol: "straight")))
|
||||||
|
line((0, -0.2*scale), (1*scale, -0.2*scale), stroke: (paint: blue, thickness: 0.3mm))
|
||||||
|
line((-0.2*scale, 1*scale), (-0.2*scale, 0), stroke: (paint: red, thickness: 0.3mm))
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
content((-0.45*scale, 0.5*scale), $colred(bold(m))$)
|
||||||
|
content((0.5*scale, -0.35*scale), $colblue(bold(n))$)
|
||||||
|
content((0.5*scale, 0.5*scale), $A$)
|
||||||
|
})
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Matrix Normen
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorMatrix)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorMatrix)[Matrix Normen]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$|| dot ||_M$ Matrix Norm, $|| dot ||_V$ Vektornorm
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- submultiplikativ: $||A B||_"M" <= ||A||||B||$
|
||||||
|
- verträglich mit einer Vektornorm: $||A v||_"V" <= ||A||_"M" ||v||_"V"$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Frobenius-Norm* $||A||_"M" = sqrt(sum_(i=1)^m sum_(j=1)^n a_(m n)^2)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Induzierte Norm* \
|
||||||
|
$||A||_"M" = sup_(v in V without {0}) (||A v||_V)/(||v||_V) = sup_(||v|| = 1) ||A v||_V$
|
||||||
|
- submultiplikativ
|
||||||
|
- verträglich mit einer Vektornorm $||dot||_V$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*maximale Spaltensumme* $||A||_r = max_(1<= i <= n) sum_(j=1)^n |a_(j)|$
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#colbreak()
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Vektorräume
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorVR)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorVR)[Vektorräume (VR)]
|
||||||
|
Bsp: $KK^n$ ($RR^n, CC^n$) \
|
||||||
|
$(V, plus.o, dot.o)$ ist ein über Körper $K (V, +, dot)$ \
|
||||||
|
$(V, +), (V, dot)$ kommutativ Gruppe
|
||||||
|
- Vektor-Addition $+: V times V -> V, (v,w) -> v + w$
|
||||||
|
- Scalar-Multiplikation $dot: K times V -> V, (lambda,v) -> lambda v$
|
||||||
|
Es gilt: $lambda,mu in K, space v,w in V "über" K$
|
||||||
|
- Linearität $(lambda mu)v = lambda (mu v)$ \
|
||||||
|
$lambda(v + w) = lambda v + lambda w$\
|
||||||
|
$(lambda + mu)v = lambda v + mu v$
|
||||||
|
- Neutrales Element für $dot.o : 1v = v$
|
||||||
|
- Neutrales Element für $plus.o : arrow(0) in V$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Untervektorraum: (UVR)* $U subset V$ \
|
||||||
|
#grid(columns: (1fr, 1fr, 1fr),
|
||||||
|
align(center, $forall v,w : v + w in U$),
|
||||||
|
align(center, $arrow(0) in U$),
|
||||||
|
align(center, $forall v,lambda : lambda v in U$)
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Spann Erzeugendessystem ect
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorVR)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorVR)[Spann, Erzeugendensystem, Basis, Dim]
|
||||||
|
$"Sei" V "ein" KK"-VR"\ M = {ve(v_1), ve(v)_2, ve(v)_3, ...}, ve(v_i) in V "Menge von Vektoren"$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Spann:* UVR von $V quad quad spann(M) subset V$
|
||||||
|
- UVR $= op("spann")(M) = limits(inter)_(M subset U) U$ \
|
||||||
|
$spann(M)$ ist der Durchschnitt aller Untervektorräume $U subset.eq V$ , die M enthalten:
|
||||||
|
- $op("spann")(M) = $ Alle lin. Kombindation von $ve(v_1), ve(v_2), ... in M$ \
|
||||||
|
$lambda_1 ve(v_1) + lambda_2 ve(v_2) + ... = ve(v) in spann(M)$
|
||||||
|
- Linear Abbildung $Phi : op("spann")(Phi(M)) = Phi(op("spann")(M))$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Erzeugendensystem* \
|
||||||
|
Menge $M = {ve(v_1), ve(v)_2, ve(v)_3, ...}$ ist Erzeugendensystem von UVR $U$ wenn $spann(M) = U$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#SeperatorLine
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Basis:* #underline("kleinstmögliches") Erzeugendensystem \
|
||||||
|
- Immer linear unabhänige Menge $B$ an $v in V$, sodass $op("spann")(v_1, ..., v_n) = op("spann")(V)$
|
||||||
|
- Jede Basis $B$ ist Erzeugerssystem (ABER NICHT ungekehrt)
|
||||||
|
- Endliche Erzeugerssystem: \
|
||||||
|
$B_1, B_2, ...$ Erzeugerssystem vom gleichen $V$ \
|
||||||
|
$=> abs(B_1)=abs(B_2)...$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Vektor dratstellung durch Basis Vektoren: \
|
||||||
|
$ve(v) = lambda_1 ve(b_1) + lambda_2 ve(b_2) + ...$
|
||||||
|
- $lambda_1, lambda_2, ...$ beschreiben ein #underline[eindeutig] Punk
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Basisergänzungssatz:* Sei $M = {ve(v_1), ... ve(v_n)}, ve(v_i) in V$ lin. unabhänig aber $M$ kein Basis des $V$. Dann $exists v_(n+1)$ sodass $M union {ve(v_(n+1))}$ lin unabhänig (aber evt. eine Basis ist)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#SeperatorLine
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Linear unabhänige:* \
|
||||||
|
- $v$ ist linear unabhänig wenn \ $spann(M) != spann(M without {ve(v)})$
|
||||||
|
- $M$ besteht nur aus linear unabhänig Vektoren wenn \
|
||||||
|
$lambda_0 = 0, ..., lambda_n = 0$ die EINZIEGE Lösung für \ $lambda_0 ve(v_0) + ... + lambda_1 ve(v_1) = ve(0)$ \
|
||||||
|
$->$ Bei Matrizen: $A ve(v) = ve(0)$ lösen \
|
||||||
|
- Überprüfung by Inspection
|
||||||
|
- Überprüfung: Spalten Vekotren ein Matrix $A : A ve(v) = ve(0)$
|
||||||
|
- $ve(v)$ Nur $ve(0)$ als Lösung $<=>$ Linearunabhänig
|
||||||
|
- $kern(A) = {ve(0)} <=>$ Linerarunabhänig
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#SeperatorLine
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Dimension:*
|
||||||
|
- $dim V = \#$Vektoren der Basis (#underline[linear unabhänigs] Erzeugendensystem)
|
||||||
|
- $dim V = infinity$, wenn $V$ nicht endlich erzeugt ist
|
||||||
|
- $dim {ve(0)} = 0$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$U "UVR von "V => dim U <= dim V$
|
||||||
|
- Kodimension: $dim V - dim U$
|
||||||
|
- Wenn $dim U = dim V <=> U = V "(Kodimension"=0")"$
|
||||||
|
- Kodimension $= 1$ Hyperebend
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Darstellungs Matrix
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorVR)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading([Darstellungs Matrix], fill: colorVR)
|
||||||
|
*Vektorraum Isomorphismus*
|
||||||
|
- $V tilde.equiv W <=> dim(V) = dim(W)$
|
||||||
|
- $V tilde.equiv W <=> exists f: V -> W, f "bijektiv (umkehrbar)"$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Koordinatensystem* Ein bestimmte Wahl von Basisvektoren/Basis $ve(b_1), ve(b_2), ...$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#SeperatorLine
|
||||||
|
#grid(
|
||||||
|
columns: (auto, 1fr),
|
||||||
|
column-gutter: 2mm,
|
||||||
|
image("../images/linAlg/BasisWechsel.jpg", height: 1.3cm),
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
Vektorraum $V tilde.equiv KK^n$ (in Basis $A$)\
|
||||||
|
Vektorraum $V tilde.equiv KK^n$ (in Basis $B$)\
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$Phi_A, Phi_B$ Bijektiv Mappings zwischen $V$ und dem $KK^n_A slash KK^n_B$
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$space_A T_B$: Basiswechsel: $K^n$ (in Basis $A$) $->$ $K^n$ (in Basis $B$)
|
||||||
|
$space_B T_A$: Basiswechsel: $K^n$ (in Basis $B$) $->$ $K^n$ (in Basis $A$)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Wenn $V, KK^n "(in Basis A/B)"$ ein $RR^n slash CC^n$ \ ist $Phi_(A slash B) = mat(|, |; ve(b_1), ve(b_2), ...; |, |,)$, $ve(b_1), ve(b_2), ...$ \ Basisvektoren der Basis von $A slash B$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#SeperatorLine
|
||||||
|
*Darstellungs-Matrix*
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Idee: Wir führen Abbildung $f$ nicht $V -> W$ sonderem in $KK^n -> KK^m$ durch $-->$ Darstellungs-Matrix $D$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#grid(
|
||||||
|
columns: (auto, 1fr),
|
||||||
|
column-gutter: 2mm,
|
||||||
|
image("../images/linAlg/DarstellungsMatrix.jpg", height: 1.6cm),
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
$f: V -> W$ Orignal Abbildung \
|
||||||
|
Vektorraum $V tilde.equiv KK^n$ (in Basis $A$)\
|
||||||
|
Vektorraum $W tilde.equiv KK^m$ (in Basis $B$)\
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$Phi_A, Phi_B$ Bijektiv Mappings zwischen $V,W$ und dem $KK^n, KK^m$
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#grid(columns: (1fr, 1fr),
|
||||||
|
$D = Phi_C compose f compose Phi_B$,
|
||||||
|
$$
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#SeperatorLine
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Normalweiße alle Abbildung/Matrizen in Kannoischer Basis $hat(e)_1 = vec(1, 0, dots.v), hat(e)_2 = vec(0, 1, dots.v), ...$
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Rekursive Folgen
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorMatrix)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorMatrix)[Rekursive Folgen]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
E.g: $a_1 x_(n-1) + a_2 x_(n) = x_(n+1)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
1. Als Matrix Schreiben $F: vec(x_(n-1), x_(n)) = vec(x_n, x_(n+1))$ \
|
||||||
|
$F s_(n-1) = s_(n)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
2. Diagonaliseren: $F = R D R^(-1) $ \
|
||||||
|
3. Wiederholte Anwendung: $F^n = R D^n R^(-1)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#colbreak()
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorAbbildungen)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading([Abbildungen], fill: colorAbbildungen)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$f(x)=y, f: A -> B$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Linear Abbildung:* $Phi: M -> N$
|
||||||
|
- $Phi(0) = 0 quad quad Phi(lambda v + w) = lambda Phi(v) + Phi(w)$
|
||||||
|
- Menge aller linearen Abbildung: $L(M,N), space "Mengen" M,N$
|
||||||
|
- $spann(Phi(M)) = Phi(spann(M))$
|
||||||
|
- $Phi_1 compose Phi_2 = Phi_1 (Phi_2(x)) = Phi$ wieder linerar
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Vektorraum-Homomorphismus:* linear Abbildung zwischen VR,
|
||||||
|
Bsp. jede Matrix
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Injectiv (Monomorphismus):*\
|
||||||
|
_one to one_ \
|
||||||
|
$f(x) = f(y) <=> x = y$ \
|
||||||
|
Gilt immer: $x = y => f(x) = f(y)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Injektiv zweigen: Beweiß durch Wiederspruch. \
|
||||||
|
Angnomen $x != y, f(x) = f(y) -"Umstellen"--> x = y$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Nicht Injektiv: Gegenbeispiel finden
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Surjectiv (Epimorhismus):* \
|
||||||
|
_Output space coverered_ \
|
||||||
|
- Zeigen das $f(f^(-1)(x)) = x$ für $x in DD$
|
||||||
|
- $forall y in B: exists x in A : f(x) = y$
|
||||||
|
NICHT surjektiv wenn $abs(A) < abs(B)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Bijektiv (Isomorphismus):* \
|
||||||
|
_Injectiv und Surjectiv_ \
|
||||||
|
- $<=>$ Umkehrbar
|
||||||
|
- In einer Gruppe ist $f(x) = x c$ für $c,x in G$ bijektiv
|
||||||
|
- isomorph: $V,W$ VRs, $f$ bijektiv $f(V) = W => V tilde.equiv W$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Beweiß durch Wiederspruch \
|
||||||
|
für Gegenbeweiß
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Endomorphismus:* $A -> B$ mit $A, B subset.eq C$ \
|
||||||
|
Endomorphismus: $KK^n -> KK^n$ \
|
||||||
|
KEIN Endomorphismus: $KK^n -> KK^m, m != n$ \
|
||||||
|
Bsp. #underline("Qudratische") Matrix
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Automorphismus:* Endomorphismus und Bijektiv (Isomorphismus) \
|
||||||
|
Bsp. #underline("Invertierbare") Matrix, $f(x) = x$
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Spann und Bild, Kern
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorAbbildungen)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorAbbildungen)[Spann und Bild]
|
||||||
|
$f: A -> B$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Urbild:* $f^(-1)(I subset B) subset.eq A$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Bild:* Wertemenge $WW$
|
||||||
|
- $f(I subset A) = B$ (Oft $I = A$)
|
||||||
|
- Bei Matrix: $Bild(M) = spann("Spalten Vektoren")$
|
||||||
|
- $op("Bild") Phi := {Phi in W | v in V}$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Rang:*
|
||||||
|
$op("Rang") f := dim op("Bild") f$
|
||||||
|
- Bei Matrizen: \ $Rang(f) <= min(n, m) equiv min("#Spalten", "#Zeilen")$
|
||||||
|
- $Rang("Zeilen Vektoren") = Rang("Spalten Rang")$
|
||||||
|
- $Rang(A) = Rang(A^T)$
|
||||||
|
- $"#Linear unabhäniger Spalten/Zeilen"$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Nullraum/Kern:* \
|
||||||
|
$kern(Phi) := {v in V | Phi(v) = 0}$
|
||||||
|
- $A ve(x) = ve(0)$ (Lösung des Homogenen Gleichungssystem)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Dimensionssatz:* lineare Abbildung $A: V -> W$ \
|
||||||
|
$dim(V) = dim(kern(A)) + dim(Bild(A))$ \
|
||||||
|
$dim(V) = dim(kern(A)) + Rang(A)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#linebreak()
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$"Wenn" dim(V) = dim(Bild(A)) "oder" dim(kern(A)) = 0 \ <=> A "bijektiv" <=> "invertierbar"$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#SeperatorLine
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- Homogense Lineares Gleichungsystem: $A ve(x) = ve(0) $ Lösungsmenge: $LL = kern(A)$, immer: $ve(0) in L$ \
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- In-Homogense LGS: $A ve(x) = ve(b) $<<
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#SeperatorLine
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Gaußalgorithmus*
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#grid(columns: (auto, 1fr),
|
||||||
|
row-gutter: 1mm,
|
||||||
|
column-gutter: 2mm,
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
image("../images/linAlg/Gauss1a.jpg", width: 2cm),
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
Gleichungssystem: $A ve(x) = b$ \
|
||||||
|
$A in KK^(m times n)$
|
||||||
|
In Zeilenstufenform Bringen, Operationen:
|
||||||
|
- Zeile $dot lambda$ ($x in CC$ mit $dot i$)
|
||||||
|
- Zeile vertauschen
|
||||||
|
- Zeile $+$ Zeile
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#grid(columns: (auto, 1fr),
|
||||||
|
row-gutter: 3mm,
|
||||||
|
column-gutter: 2mm,
|
||||||
|
image("../images/linAlg/Gauss2.jpg", width: 2cm),
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
*Eindeutige Lösung* $-->$ Normale Rückeinsetzung
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Nur bei $A in RR^(n times n)$ möglich
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Bei qudratischen $A:$ \ $n equiv "#Spalten" equiv dim ve(x)$
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
image("../images/linAlg/Gauss1.jpg", width: 2cm),
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
*Nullzeile*:
|
||||||
|
Pro Nullzeile eine frei Var $t, s, ...$
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
image("../images/linAlg/Gauss3.jpg", width: 2cm),
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
*Wiederspruch*: Keine Lösung
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$Rang(A) = "#Nicht-Null-Zeilen"$ \
|
||||||
|
$=$ Anzahl der linear unabhänigen Zeilen/Spalten
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$kern(A) = dim ve(x) - Rang(A)$ (Dimensionssatz)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#SeperatorLine
|
||||||
|
*Matrix Invertieren*
|
||||||
|
#image("../images/linAlg/InverseMatrix.jpg")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$KK^(2 times 2): A = mat(a, b; c, d) \ A^(-1) = 1/det(A) mat(d, -b; -c, a) = 1/(a d - b c) mat(d, -b; -c, a) $
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Matrix Basics
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorMatrix)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorMatrix)[Matrix Basics]
|
||||||
|
Linera Abbildung $equiv$ EINER eindeutige Matrix \
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- Sclar/Matrix: $lambda dot A$
|
||||||
|
- Matrix/Matrix: $A + B$
|
||||||
|
- Matrix-Matrix: $A dot B = Phi_A compose Phi_B = Phi_A (Phi_B (ve(x)))$ \
|
||||||
|
$c_(j i) = sum^n_(s=1) a_(j s) b_(s i)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$(KK^(n times n), +)$ sind Gruppe, $(KK^(n times n), dot)$ sind Monoid,
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#image("../images/linAlg/matMul.jpg")
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#SeperatorLine
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#grid(columns: (1fr, 1fr, 1fr),
|
||||||
|
row-gutter: 2mm,
|
||||||
|
align(center, $(lambda mu) A = lambda (mu A)$),
|
||||||
|
grid.cell(colspan: 2, align(center, $(lambda + mu) A = lambda A + mu A$)),
|
||||||
|
align(center, $$),
|
||||||
|
grid.cell(colspan: 2, align(center, $lambda (A + B) = lambda A + lambda B$)),
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Transponieren*
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#grid(columns: (1fr, 1fr),
|
||||||
|
row-gutter: 2mm,
|
||||||
|
$(A + B)^T = A^T + B^T$,
|
||||||
|
$(lambda A)^T = lambda A^T$,
|
||||||
|
$(A^T)^T = A$,
|
||||||
|
$(A dot B)^T = B^T dot A^T$
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#columns(5, gutter: 2mm)[
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorAbbildungen)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorAbbildungen)[Linearform]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- Sclar-Produkt $ip(ve(a), ve(b))$ ist Bi-Linearform
|
||||||
|
- Symetrisch
|
||||||
|
- Determinante einer Matrix: $det(A in RR^(m times n))$ ist $n$-Linearform (sogar alternierend)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*$k$-Linearform:* Lineare $f: KK^n times KK^n times ... -> KK$
|
||||||
|
- Für $k=2 : $ Bi-Linerform
|
||||||
|
- Linearität: (in beiden Argumente) \
|
||||||
|
$f(ve(v)_1, lambda ve(v)_2) = lambda f(ve(v)_1, ve(v)_2) \
|
||||||
|
f(ve(v)_1, ve(x) + ve(y)) = f(ve(v)_1, ve(x)) + f(ve(v)_1, ve(y))
|
||||||
|
$
|
||||||
|
- *Symetrisch* wenn: $f(ve(v)_1, ve(v)_2) = f(ve(v)_2, ve(v)_1), space space forall ve(v)_1, ve(v)_2 in KK^n$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- *Alternierend* wenn: $f(ve(v), ve(v)) = 0, space space forall ve(v) in KK^n$
|
||||||
|
- $f(ve(v)_1, ... #text(red, $ve(v)_i$), #text(blue, $ve(v)_j$), ... ve(v)_k) = -f(ve(v)_1, ... #text(blue, $ve(v)_j$), #text(red, $ve(v)_i$), ... ve(v)_k) $
|
||||||
|
- Tauschung von Argumenten $->$ Vorzeichen Flip
|
||||||
|
- $ve(v)_1, ... "linear abhänig" <=> f(ve(v)_1, ...) = 0$
|
||||||
|
- $ve(v)_1, ... "linear unabhänig" <=> f(ve(v)_1, ...) != 0$, eindeutig
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorAbbildungen)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorAbbildungen)[Determinante]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Determinaten Form* \
|
||||||
|
Nicht tiviale ($f(...) = 0$) alternierende n-Linearform auf einem VR.
|
||||||
|
$exists$ Immer, in jeder Scalierung
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Speziell für Martizen $in KK^(n times n)$ \ (Qudratische, Endomorphismus)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Herleitung:*
|
||||||
|
Für die $det equiv delta$: $delta(ve(e)_1, ve(e)_2, ve(e)_3, ...) = 1$, alternierend und n-Linearform
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
1. Mit Linearität zerlegen
|
||||||
|
2. Mit Alterniered, Element tauschen: $delta(ve(e)_1, ve(e)_2, ve(e)_3, ...) dot ...$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Leibniz-Formel*
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$det(A) = limits(sum)_(sigma in S_n) sign(sigma)( a_(sigma(1)1) dot a_(sigma(2)2) dot dots dot a_(sigma(n)n))$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$S_n := "Alle Permutation von n Element" $ \
|
||||||
|
$sign(sigma) = (-1)^"#Vertauschungen"$ \
|
||||||
|
Anzahl der Vertauschungen, die nötig sind um $sigma$ von $(1, 2, 3, ...)$ zu erzeugen \
|
||||||
|
$sigma(n): n$-te Element aus der Tupel $sigma$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Bsp:* $A in KK^(n times n)$
|
||||||
|
#grid(
|
||||||
|
columns: 9,
|
||||||
|
row-gutter: 1mm,
|
||||||
|
$S_3 =$, ${$, $(1,2,3),$, $(1,3,2),$, $(2,1,3),$, $(2,3,1),$, $(3,1,2),$, $(3,2,1)$, $}$,
|
||||||
|
"#Vert.", $$,
|
||||||
|
align(center, $0$),
|
||||||
|
align(center, $1$),
|
||||||
|
align(center, $1$),
|
||||||
|
align(center, $2$),
|
||||||
|
align(center, $2$),
|
||||||
|
align(center, $1$), $$,
|
||||||
|
$sign(sigma)$, $$,
|
||||||
|
align(center, $1$),
|
||||||
|
align(center, $-1$),
|
||||||
|
align(center, $-1$),
|
||||||
|
align(center, $1$),
|
||||||
|
align(center, $1$),
|
||||||
|
align(center, $-1$),
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$det(A) = &(a_11 a_22 a_33) - (a_11 a_23 a_32) - (a_12 a_21 a_33) + \
|
||||||
|
&(a_12 a_23 a_31) + (a_13 a_21 a_32) - (a_13 a_22 a_31) + \
|
||||||
|
$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#SeperatorLine
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Regel von Saurus*
|
||||||
|
#grid(
|
||||||
|
columns: (auto, 1fr),
|
||||||
|
image("../images/linAlg/saurus.png", height: 0.6cm),
|
||||||
|
align(center+horizon, $= a_11 a_22 a_33 + a_12 a_23 a_31 + a_13 a_21 a_32 \
|
||||||
|
- a_13 a_22 a_31 - a_12 a_21 a_33 - a_11 a_23 a_32
|
||||||
|
$)
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Laplace Entwicklung*
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#grid(
|
||||||
|
columns: (auto, 1fr),
|
||||||
|
column-gutter: 2mm,
|
||||||
|
image("../images/linAlg/laplace.jpg", height: 1.6cm),
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
- Nach Spalte oder Zeile Entwicklung
|
||||||
|
- #underline([Auf Vorzeichen Achten!!!])
|
||||||
|
- Zeilen mit vielen Nuller wählen
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Determinate Tricke-Kiste*
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- Orthogonal-Matrix: $det(A) = 1$
|
||||||
|
- Diagonal-/Oberdreiecks-/Unterdreick-Matrix: \ $det(A) = product a_(i i)$
|
||||||
|
- $det(A) = product lambda_(i i) "(Eigenwerte)"$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- Partionen: $mat(A, B; 0, C) slash mat(A, 0; B, C) -> det(A) = det(A) dot det(C)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#grid(
|
||||||
|
columns: (1fr, 1fr),
|
||||||
|
column-gutter: 2mm,
|
||||||
|
row-gutter: 2mm,
|
||||||
|
$A,B in KK^(n times n) :$, $$,
|
||||||
|
$det(A dot B) = det A dot det B$,
|
||||||
|
$det(A^(-1)) = 1/det(A)$,
|
||||||
|
$det(A) = det(A^T)$,
|
||||||
|
$det(lambda A) = lambda^n det(A)$,
|
||||||
|
$det mat(a, b; c, d) = a d - b c$,
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Elementare (Gauß) Zeilen Umfohrungen kann man machen
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
NICHT Qudratischen Matrizen $det(D)$ nicht definiert, Nur für Endomorphisen
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$det(A) = 0 <=> "invertierbar" <=> "bijektiv"$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorVR)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorVR)[Eukldische VRs]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- *Skalarprodukt:* Positiv definite symetrisch Bilinearform
|
||||||
|
- $equiv$ Skalarprodukt $ip(dot, dot)$ in $RR$
|
||||||
|
- $f(ve(v)_1, ve(v)_2) = f(ve(v)_2, ve(v)_1), space space forall ve(v)_1, ve(v)_2 in KK^n$
|
||||||
|
- Linear in beiden Argument: \
|
||||||
|
$ip(lambda ve(x), ve(y)) = lambda ip(ve(x), ve(y))$\
|
||||||
|
$ip(ve(x) + ve(a), ve(y)) = ip(ve(x), ve(y)) + ip(ve(a), ve(y))$
|
||||||
|
- $f(ve(v), ve(v)) > 0, v in V without {ve(0)}$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Kannonische Scalar Produkt* $ip(ve(x), ve(y)) := limits(sum)_(i=1)^n x_i y_i$
|
||||||
|
- Positiv definit: $ip(ve(x), ve(x)) > 0$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#SeperatorLine
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#grid(
|
||||||
|
columns: (auto, auto),
|
||||||
|
column-gutter: 3mm,
|
||||||
|
[*Norm*],
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
- $norm(ve(v)) = 0 <=> ve(v) = ve(0)$
|
||||||
|
- $norm(lambda ve(v)) = abs(lambda) norm(ve(v))$
|
||||||
|
- Dreieckesungleichung: $norm(x + y) <= norm(x) + norm(y)$
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Generisch/$L_p$-Norm*: $|| v ||_p = root(p, sum_(k=1)^n (x_k)^p)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Induzierte Norm:* $norm(ve(v)) = sqrt(ip(ve(v), ve(v)))$ (Bliebiges $ip(dot, dot)$)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Eukldische Norm:*
|
||||||
|
- $L_2$-Norm/kannoische Norm: $norm(ve(v)) = sqrt(ip(ve(v), ve(v)))$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Cauchy-Schwarz-Ungleichung:* $abs(ip(v, w)) <= norm(v) norm(w)$
|
||||||
|
- Gilt in Eukldische Vektoraum
|
||||||
|
- Gilt nur mit aus Eukldischer Norm
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Euklidsche Vektorraum:* $ = (RR^n"-VR", ip(dot, dot))$, (Irgendeine Skalarprodukt
|
||||||
|
- Eigenschaften:
|
||||||
|
- Polarisation: $ip(v, w) = 1/4 (norm(v + w)^2 - norm(v -w )^2)$
|
||||||
|
- Parallelogrammgleichung: \
|
||||||
|
$2 (norm(v)^2 + norm(w)^2) = norm(v + w)^2 + norm(v - w)^2$
|
||||||
|
- Winkel: $cos alpha = ip(v, w)/(norm(v) norm(w))$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Orthogonal Vektoren:* $ip(v, w) = 0$ \
|
||||||
|
*Ortho#text(red)[normal] Vektoren:* \
|
||||||
|
$ip(v, w) = 0 "UND" norm(v),norm(w) = 1, p(v, v) = ip(w, w) = 1$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#SeperatorLine
|
||||||
|
*Orthogonal Projektion* $pi_U(v) = limits(sum)_(i=1)^k ip(v, u_i) u_i$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$U subset V$ Untervektorraum eines Eukldische VRs $V$, \ $U$ in orthogo#text(red)[normal] Basis
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Orthogonals Kompliment: $kern(pi_U) = U^tack.t$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorVR)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorVR)[Unitäre Vektorräume]
|
||||||
|
alles $in CC$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Sequilinearform:* $ip(x, y)$
|
||||||
|
- $ip(x, y)$ linear im #underline("1.") Argument
|
||||||
|
- $ip(v, w_1 + w_2) = ip(v, w_1) + ip(v, w_2) = \
|
||||||
|
ip(v, lambda w) = overline(lambda) ip(v, w)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Hermitische Form:* $ip(v, w) = ip(w, v)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Hermitische Skalarprodukt:* $in RR$
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#colbreak()
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Eigenwert und Eigenvektoren
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorMatrixVerfahren)[
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorMatrixVerfahren)[Eigenwert und Eigenvektoren ]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$A in CC^(n times n):$ $n$ Complexe Eigenwerte \
|
||||||
|
$A in RR^(n times n)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*1. Eigentwete bestimmen*
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$A v = lambda v => det(A-E lambda) = 0$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$0 = det mat(#mannot.markhl($x_11 - lambda_1$, color: red), x_12, ..., x_(1n);
|
||||||
|
x_21, #mannot.markhl($x_22 - lambda_2$, color: red), ..., x_(2n);
|
||||||
|
dots.v, dots.v, dots.down, dots.v;
|
||||||
|
x_(n 1), x_(n 2), ..., #mannot.markhl($x_(n n) -lambda_n$, color: red)
|
||||||
|
)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$--> chi_A = (lambda_0 - lambda)^(n_0) dot (lambda_1 - lambda)^(n_1) ... $
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$lambda_0, lambda_1, ... = $ Nst von $chi_A$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*2. Eigenvektor bestimmen*
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$Eig(lambda_k) = kern(A - lambda_k E)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$mat(#mannot.markhl($x_11 - lambda_k$, color: red), x_12, ..., x_(1n);
|
||||||
|
x_21, #mannot.markhl($x_22 - lambda_k$, color: red), ..., x_(2n);
|
||||||
|
dots.v, dots.v, dots.down, dots.v;
|
||||||
|
x_(n 1), x_(n 2), ..., #mannot.markhl($x_(n n) -lambda_k$, color: red)
|
||||||
|
) vec(v_1, v_2, dots.v, v_n) = vec(0, 0, dots.v, 0)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Algebrasche Vielfacheit:* $alg(lambda) = n_0 + n_1 + ...$ \
|
||||||
|
*Geometrische Vielfacheit:* $geo(lambda) = dim("Eig"_A (lambda))$ \
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$1 <= geo(lambda) <= alg(lambda)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Gram-Schmit ONB
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorMatrixVerfahren)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorMatrixVerfahren)[Gram-Schmit]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Idee: $ip("Orth"#text(red)[normal] ve(v), ve(x)) = "Anteil von" ve(x) "an" ve(v)$ \
|
||||||
|
Ziel: Basis $W -->$ Orthogonal Basis $V$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
1. $v_1 = 1/norm(w_1)$
|
||||||
|
2. $hat(v)_(j+1) = w_(j+1) -ip(w_(j+1), v_1)v_1 - ip(w_(j+2), v_2)v_2 ... $
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
3. $v_(j+1) = hat(v)_(j+1)/norm(hat(v)_(j+1))$
|
||||||
|
4. Repeat for $w_1, w_2, w_3, ...$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Diagonalisierung
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorMatrixVerfahren)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorMatrixVerfahren)[Diagonalisierung]
|
||||||
|
$A = R D R^(-1)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Rezept Diagonalisierung*
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
1. EW bestimmen: $det(A - lambda I) = 0$ \
|
||||||
|
$=> chi_A = (lambda_1 - lambda)^(m 1) (lambda_2 - lambda)^(m 2) ...$
|
||||||
|
2. EV bestimmen: $spann(kern(A - lambda_i I))$: $r_0, r_1, ...$
|
||||||
|
3. \
|
||||||
|
#grid(columns: (1fr, 1fr),
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
Diagnoalmatrix: $D$
|
||||||
|
$mat(
|
||||||
|
lambda_1, 0, 0,...;
|
||||||
|
0, lambda_1, 0, ...;
|
||||||
|
0, 0, lambda_2, ...;
|
||||||
|
dots.v, dots.v, dots.v, dots.down
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
$
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
Basiswechselmatrix: $R$
|
||||||
|
$mat(
|
||||||
|
|, | , ..., |;
|
||||||
|
r_0, r_1, ..., r_n;
|
||||||
|
|, |, ..., |
|
||||||
|
)$
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorMatrixVerfahren)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorMatrixVerfahren)[Schur-Zerlegung]
|
||||||
|
Wenn dsa charakteristische Polynom $chi_A "von" A in CC^(n times n) slash RR^(n times n) "in" chi_A(lambda) = (lambda_1 - lambda)(lambda_2 - lambda)... "zerfällt"$ dann ist Schur-Zerlegung möglich
|
||||||
|
- Gilt für $CC^(n times n)$ immer
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#grid(
|
||||||
|
columns: (1fr, 3fr),
|
||||||
|
$R = B^* A B$,
|
||||||
|
[
|
||||||
|
$B:$ orthogonal/unitair $KK^(n times n)$ \
|
||||||
|
$R:$ Oberedreiecks Matrix $KK^(n times n)$ \
|
||||||
|
$B^* = B^T "für" RR, B^* = B^(-T) "für" CC$
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- $A,R$ haben die selben Eigenwerte
|
||||||
|
- Schur-Zerlegung ist nicht eindeutig, (Diagnoal elemen bis auf die Reihnfolge schon)
|
||||||
|
- Wenn $A$ diagonaliserbar $=>$ $R$ Dignoalmatrix
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorMatrixVerfahren)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorMatrixVerfahren)[SVD]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$A in RR^(m times n)$ zerlegbar in $A = L S R^T$ \
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$L in RR^(m times m)$ Orthogonal \
|
||||||
|
$S in RR^(m times n)$ Diagonal \
|
||||||
|
$R in RR^(n times n)$ Orthogonal
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
1. $A A^T$ berechnen $A A^T in RR^(m times m)$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
2. $A A^T$ diagonalisieren in $R$, $D$ (dabei EWs, EVs berechen)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
3. Singulärwerte berechen: $sigma_i = sqrt(lambda_i) $
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
4. $l_i = 1/sigma_i A v_(lambda i) quad quad L = mat( |, |, ..., |; l_0, l_1, ..., l_m; |, |, ..., |)$ \
|
||||||
|
(Evt. zu ONB ergenze mit Gram-Schmit/Kreuzprodukt)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
5. $S in RR^(n times m)$ (wie $A$): \
|
||||||
|
$S = mat(sigma_0, 0; 0, sigma_1; dots.v, dots.v; 0, 0) quad quad quad S = mat(sigma_0, 0, dots, 0; 0, sigma_1, ..., 0)$
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#sinTable
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Lineare Differenzialgleichungen
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: colorMatrix)[
|
||||||
|
#subHeading(fill: colorMatrix)[Lineare Differenzialgleichungen]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$y'_1(t) &= alpha_11 &dot y_1(t) + alpha_12 dot y_2(t) + ...\
|
||||||
|
y'_1(t) &= alpha_11 &dot y_1(t) + alpha_12 dot y_2(t) + ... \
|
||||||
|
&dots.v &dots.v\
|
||||||
|
y'_1(t) &= alpha_11 &dot y_1(t) + alpha_12 dot y_2(t) + ...
|
||||||
|
$
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#colbreak()
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// Table
|
||||||
|
#table(
|
||||||
|
columns: (auto, 1fr),
|
||||||
|
inset: 2mm,
|
||||||
|
fill: (x, y) => if (calc.rem(y, 2) == 0) { tableFillLow } else { tableFillHigh },
|
||||||
|
[*Einheits Matrix*\ $I,E$], [
|
||||||
|
$det(E) = 1$
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
[*Diagonalmatrix* \ $Sigma,D$], [
|
||||||
|
Nur Einträger auf Hauptdiagonalen \
|
||||||
|
$det(D) = d_00 dot d_11 dot d_22 dot ...$
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
[*Symetrisch*\ $S$], [
|
||||||
|
$S = S^T$, $S in KK^(n times n)$\
|
||||||
|
$A A^T$, $A^T A$ ist symetrisch \
|
||||||
|
$S$ immer diagonaliserbar \
|
||||||
|
EW immer $in RR$, EV orthogonal
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
[*Invertierbar*], [
|
||||||
|
$exists A^(-1) : A A^(-1) = A^(-1) A = E$ \
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Invertierbar wenn:*
|
||||||
|
- $A$ bijektiv
|
||||||
|
- $A x = b$ eindeutig
|
||||||
|
- $A x = 0$ nur $ve(0)$
|
||||||
|
- Spalten/Zeilen Vekoren lin. unabhänig
|
||||||
|
- $Rang(A) = n, A in KK^(n times n)$ \
|
||||||
|
- $det(A) != 0$
|
||||||
|
- $0$ ist keine Eigenwert
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*Nicht Invertierbar wenn:*\
|
||||||
|
$exists$ EW $!= 0 => not "invertierbar"$
|
||||||
|
Keine Qudratische Matrix
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
[*Orthogonal*], [
|
||||||
|
- Immer Bijektiv
|
||||||
|
- $det (A) = plus.minus 1$
|
||||||
|
- $O^T = O^(-1)$
|
||||||
|
- $O^T O = O O^T = I$
|
||||||
|
- $ip(O v, O w) = ip(v, w)$
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
[*Unitair* \ $equiv$ Orthogonal $in CC$], [
|
||||||
|
- Immer Bijektiv
|
||||||
|
$V = V^*$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
[*Diagonaliserbar*], [
|
||||||
|
$exists A = B D B^(-1)$, $D$ diagonal,
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
$B$: Splaten sind EV von $A$
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- Selbst-Adujunkte ($$) diagonalisierbar
|
||||||
|
- Symetrisch Matrix
|
||||||
|
- $A in KK^(n times n) "UND" alg(lambda) = geo(lambda)$
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
[*postiv-semi-definit*], [
|
||||||
|
$forall$ EW $>= 0$
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
2924
src/cheatsheets/Schaltungstheorie.typ
Normal file
25
src/cheatsheets/test.typ
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
|
|||||||
|
#set page(
|
||||||
|
paper: "a3",
|
||||||
|
margin: (
|
||||||
|
bottom: 10mm,
|
||||||
|
top: 5mm,
|
||||||
|
left: 5mm,
|
||||||
|
right: 5mm
|
||||||
|
),
|
||||||
|
flipped:true,
|
||||||
|
)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#import "../lib/styles.typ" : *
|
||||||
|
#import "../lib/common_rewrite.typ" : *
|
||||||
|
#import "../lib/mathExpressions.typ" : *
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#columns(5)[
|
||||||
|
#bgBlock(fill: gray)[
|
||||||
|
#block(height: 100%)
|
||||||
|
#block(height: 100%)
|
||||||
|
#block(height: 100%)
|
||||||
|
#block(height: 100%)
|
||||||
|
#block(height: 100%)
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
|
]
|
||||||
BIN
src/images/ct/betragUndVorzeich.png
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 94 KiB |
BIN
src/images/ct/einerKomplement.png
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 94 KiB |
BIN
src/images/ct/zweierKomplement.png
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 94 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/IMG_0538.jpg
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 125 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/IMG_0549.jpg
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 54 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/IMG_0550.jpg
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 84 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/IMG_0555.jpg
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 25 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/IMG_0559.jpg
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 84 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/IMG_0578-1.jpg
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 77 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/IMG_0579-1.jpg
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 87 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/IMG_0580-1.jpg
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 60 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/IMG_0581-1.jpg
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 57 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/cmosPower.jpg
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 153 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/demux1.jpg
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 60 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/demux2.jpg
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 87 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/dlatch.jpg
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 49 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/dlatch2.jpg
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 173 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/dlatch3.jpg
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 99 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/dlatch4.jpg
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 52 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/dlatch6.jpg
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 146 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/gateWidth.jpg
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 139 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/ha.jpg
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 80 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/kan.jpg
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 85 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/literalMenge.jpg
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 72 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/literalmenge.png
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 66 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/logicGates.jpg
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 98 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/mos1.jpg
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 100 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/mos2.jpg
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 89 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/mos3.jpg
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 73 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/mos4.jpg
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 102 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/mos5.jpg
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 99 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/mux1.jpg
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 57 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/mux2.jpg
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 77 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/nmos1.jpg
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 73 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/nmos2.jpg
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 60 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/nmos3.jpg
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 59 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/nmos9.jpg
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 88 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/nmosD.jpg
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 152 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/parallel.jpg
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 50 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/pipeline1.jpg
Normal file
|
After Width: | Height: | Size: 92 KiB |
BIN
src/images/digitaltechnik/pipeline2.jpg
Normal file
|
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src/images/digitaltechnik/pmos1.jpg
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src/images/digitaltechnik/pmos2.jpg
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src/images/digitaltechnik/pmos3.jpg
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src/images/digitaltechnik/pmos4.jpg
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src/images/digitaltechnik/pmos8.jpg
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src/images/digitaltechnik/pmosD.jpg
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src/images/digitaltechnik/qmc1.jpg
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src/images/digitaltechnik/qmc2.jpg
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src/images/digitaltechnik/qmc3.jpg
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src/images/digitaltechnik/qmc4.jpg
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src/images/digitaltechnik/qmc5.jpg
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src/images/digitaltechnik/qmc6.jpg
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src/images/digitaltechnik/register1.jpg
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src/images/digitaltechnik/register2.jpg
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src/images/digitaltechnik/rippleAdder.jpg
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src/images/digitaltechnik/sr.jpg
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src/images/digitaltechnik/srlatch.jpg
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src/images/digitaltechnik/va.jpg
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src/images/digitaltechnik/verlust1.jpg
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src/images/digitaltechnik/verlust2.jpg
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src/images/digitaltechnik/verlust3.jpg
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After Width: | Height: | Size: 90 KiB |
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src/images/digitaltechnik/verlust4.jpg
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After Width: | Height: | Size: 106 KiB |
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src/images/linAlg/BasisWechsel.jpg
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After Width: | Height: | Size: 145 KiB |
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src/images/linAlg/DarstellungsMatrix.jpg
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After Width: | Height: | Size: 132 KiB |
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src/images/linAlg/DarstelsMatrix.jpg
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src/images/linAlg/Gauss1.jpg
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src/images/linAlg/Gauss1a.jpg
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src/images/linAlg/Gauss2.jpg
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After Width: | Height: | Size: 56 KiB |
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src/images/linAlg/Gauss3.jpg
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After Width: | Height: | Size: 75 KiB |
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src/images/linAlg/InverseMatrix.jpg
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src/images/linAlg/laplace.jpg
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src/images/linAlg/matMul.jpg
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After Width: | Height: | Size: 52 KiB |