Small fixes
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@@ -98,7 +98,38 @@
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#ComplexNumbersSection()
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]
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#colbreak()
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// Matrix Typen
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#bgBlock(fill: colorMatrix)[
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#let colred(x) = text(fill: red, $#x$)
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#let colblue(x) = text(fill: blue, $#x$)
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#subHeading(fill: colorMatrix)[Matrix Typen]
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#align(center, scale($colred(m "Zeilen") colblue(n "Splate") A in KK^(colred(m) times colblue(n))$, 110%)) #grid(columns: (1fr, 1fr),
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$quad mat(
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a_11, a_12, ..., a_(1n);
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a_21, a_22, ..., a_(2n);
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dots.v, dots.v, dots.down, dots.v;
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a_(m 1), a_(m 2), ..., a_(m n)
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)
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$,
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cetz.canvas({
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import cetz.draw : *
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let scale = 0.76;
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rect((0, 0), (1*scale, 1*scale), fill: rgb("#9292926b"))
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set-style(mark: (end: (symbol: "straight")))
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line((0, -0.2*scale), (1*scale, -0.2*scale), stroke: (paint: blue, thickness: 0.3mm))
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line((-0.2*scale, 1*scale), (-0.2*scale, 0), stroke: (paint: red, thickness: 0.3mm))
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content((-0.45*scale, 0.5*scale), $colred(bold(m))$)
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content((0.5*scale, -0.35*scale), $colblue(bold(n))$)
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content((0.5*scale, 0.5*scale), $A$)
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})
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)
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]
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// Vektorräume
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#bgBlock(fill: colorVR)[
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#subHeading(fill: colorVR)[Vektorräume (VR)]
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Bsp: $KK^n$ ($RR^n, CC^n$) \
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@@ -121,6 +152,7 @@
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)
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]
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// Spann Erzeugendessystem ect
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#bgBlock(fill: colorVR)[
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#subHeading(fill: colorVR)[Spann, Erzeugendensystem, Basis, Dim]
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$"Sei" V "ein" KK"-VR"\ M = {ve(v_1), ve(v)_2, ve(v)_3, ...}, ve(v_i) in V "Menge von Vektoren"$
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@@ -230,9 +262,44 @@
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#SeperatorLine
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Normalweiße alle Abbildung/Matrizen in Kannoischer Basis $hat(e)_1 = vec(1, 0, dots.v), hat(e)_2 = vec(0, 1, dots.v), ...$
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]
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// Matrix Basics
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#bgBlock(fill: colorMatrix)[
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#subHeading(fill: colorMatrix)[Matrix Basics]
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Linera Abbildung $equiv$ EINER eindeutige Matrix \
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- Sclar/Matrix: $lambda dot A$
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- Matrix/Matrix: $A + B$
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- Matrix-Matrix: $A dot B = Phi_A compose Phi_B = Phi_A (Phi_B (ve(x)))$ \
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$c_(j i) = sum^n_(s=1) a_(j s) b_(s i)$
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$(KK^(n times n), +)$ sind Gruppe, $(KK^(n times n), dot)$ sind Monoid,
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#image("../images/linAlg/matMul.jpg")
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#SeperatorLine
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#grid(columns: (1fr, 1fr, 1fr),
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row-gutter: 2mm,
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align(center, $(lambda mu) A = lambda (mu A)$),
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grid.cell(colspan: 2, align(center, $(lambda + mu) A = lambda A + mu A$)),
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align(center, $$),
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grid.cell(colspan: 2, align(center, $lambda (A + B) = lambda A + lambda B$)),
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)
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*Transponieren*
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#grid(columns: (1fr, 1fr),
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row-gutter: 2mm,
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$(A + B)^T = A^T + B^T$,
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$(lambda A)^T = lambda A^T$,
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$(A^T)^T = A$,
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$(A dot B)^T = B^T dot A^T$
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)
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]
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#colbreak()
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#bgBlock(fill: colorAbbildungen)[
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#subHeading([Abbildungen], fill: colorAbbildungen)
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@@ -378,73 +445,8 @@
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]
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// Matrix Basics
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#bgBlock(fill: colorMatrix)[
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#subHeading(fill: colorMatrix)[Matrix Basics]
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Linera Abbildung $equiv$ EINER eindeutige Matrix \
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- Sclar/Matrix: $lambda dot A$
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- Matrix/Matrix: $A + B$
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- Matrix-Matrix: $A dot B = Phi_A compose Phi_B = Phi_A (Phi_B (ve(x)))$ \
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$c_(j i) = sum^n_(s=1) a_(j s) b_(s i)$
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$(KK^(n times n), +)$ sind Gruppe, $(KK^(n times n), dot)$ sind Monoid,
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#image("../images/linAlg/matMul.jpg")
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#SeperatorLine
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#grid(columns: (1fr, 1fr, 1fr),
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row-gutter: 2mm,
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align(center, $(lambda mu) A = lambda (mu A)$),
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grid.cell(colspan: 2, align(center, $(lambda + mu) A = lambda A + mu A$)),
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align(center, $$),
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grid.cell(colspan: 2, align(center, $lambda (A + B) = lambda A + lambda B$)),
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)
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*Transponieren*
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#grid(columns: (1fr, 1fr),
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row-gutter: 2mm,
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$(A + B)^T = A^T + B^T$,
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$(lambda A)^T = lambda A^T$,
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$(A^T)^T = A$,
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$(A dot B)^T = B^T dot A^T$
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)
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]
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#colbreak()
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// Matrix Typem
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#bgBlock(fill: colorMatrix)[
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#let colred(x) = text(fill: red, $#x$)
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#let colblue(x) = text(fill: blue, $#x$)
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#subHeading(fill: colorMatrix)[Matrix Typen]
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#align(center, scale($colred(m "Zeilen") colblue(n "Splate")\ A in KK^(colred(m) times colblue(n))$, 120%)) #grid(columns: (1fr, 1fr),
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$quad mat(
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a_11, a_12, ..., a_(1n);
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a_21, a_22, ..., a_(2n);
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dots.v, dots.v, dots.down, dots.v;
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a_(m 1), a_(m 2), ..., a_(m n)
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)
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$,
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cetz.canvas({
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import cetz.draw : *
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rect((0, 0), (1, 1), fill: rgb("#9292926b"))
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set-style(mark: (end: (symbol: "straight")))
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line((0, -0.2), (1, -0.2), stroke: (paint: blue, thickness: 0.3mm))
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line((-0.2, 1), (-0.2, 0), stroke: (paint: red, thickness: 0.3mm))
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content((-0.45, 0.5), $colred(bold(m))$)
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content((0.5, -0.35), $colblue(bold(n))$)
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content((0.5, 0.5), $A$)
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})
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)
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]
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#bgBlock(fill: colorAbbildungen)[
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#subHeading(fill: colorAbbildungen)[Linearform]
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@@ -454,7 +456,7 @@
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*$k$-Linearform:* Lineare $f: KK^n times KK^n times ... -> KK$
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- Für $k=2 : $ Bi-Linerform
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- Linearität: \
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- Linearität: (in beiden Argumente) \
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$f(ve(v)_1, lambda ve(v)_2) = lambda f(ve(v)_1, ve(v)_2) \
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f(ve(v)_1, ve(x) + ve(y)) = f(ve(v)_1, ve(x)) + f(ve(v)_1, ve(y))
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$
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@@ -465,12 +467,6 @@
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- Tauschung von Argumenten $->$ Vorzeichen Flip
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- $ve(v)_1, ... "linear abhänig" <=> f(ve(v)_1, ...) = 0$
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- $ve(v)_1, ... "linear unabhänig" <=> f(ve(v)_1, ...) != 0$, eindeutig
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- *Positiv definite symetrisch Bilinearform*
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- $equiv$ Skalarprodukt $ip(dot, dot)$ in $RR$
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- $f(ve(v)_1, ve(v)_2) = f(ve(v)_2, ve(v)_1), space space forall ve(v)_1, ve(v)_2 in KK^n$
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- linear in beiden Argumenten
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- $f(ve(v), ve(v)) > 0, v in V without {ve(0)}$
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]
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#bgBlock(fill: colorAbbildungen)[
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@@ -483,10 +479,10 @@
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Speziell für Martizen $in KK^(n times n)$ \ (Qudratische, Endomorphismus)
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*Herleitung:*
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Für die $det equiv delta$: $delta(e_1, e_2, e_3, ...) = 1$, alternierend und n-linearform
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Für die $det equiv delta$: $delta(ve(e)_1, ve(e)_2, ve(e)_3, ...) = 1$, alternierend und n-Linearform
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1. Mit Linearität zerlegen
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2. Mit Alterniered, Element tauschen: $delta(e_1, e_2, e_3, ...) dot ...$
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2. Mit Alterniered, Element tauschen: $delta(ve(e)_1, ve(e)_2, ve(e)_3, ...) dot ...$
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*Leibniz-Formel*
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@@ -576,23 +572,27 @@
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]
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#bgBlock(fill: colorVR)[
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#subHeading(fill: colorVR)[Eukldische/Unitair Vektorräume]
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#subHeading(fill: colorVR)[Eukldische VRs]
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*Kannonische Scalar Produkt*
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$ip(ve(x), ve(y)) := limits(sum)_(i=1)^n x_i y_i$
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- Positiv definit: $ip(ve(x), ve(x)) > 0$
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- *Skalarprodukt:* Positiv definite symetrisch Bilinearform
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- $equiv$ Skalarprodukt $ip(dot, dot)$ in $RR$
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- $f(ve(v)_1, ve(v)_2) = f(ve(v)_2, ve(v)_1), space space forall ve(v)_1, ve(v)_2 in KK^n$
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- Linear in beiden Argument: \
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$ip(lambda ve(x), ve(y)) = lambda ip(ve(x), ve(y))$\
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$ip(ve(x) + ve(a), ve(y)) = ip(ve(x), ve(y)) + ip(ve(a), ve(y))$
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- $f(ve(v), ve(v)) > 0, v in V without {ve(0)}$
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*Kannonische Scalar Produkt* $ip(ve(x), ve(y)) := limits(sum)_(i=1)^n x_i y_i$
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- Positiv definit: $ip(ve(x), ve(x)) > 0$
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#SeperatorLine
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*Norm*
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- $norm(ve(v)) = 0 <=> ve(v) = ve(0)$
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- $norm(lambda ve(v)) = abs(lambda) norm(ve(v))$
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- Dreieckesungleichung: $norm(x + y) <= norm(x) + norm(y)$
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Generisch/$L_p$-Norm: $|| v ||_p = root(p, sum_(k=1)^n (x_k)^p)$
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*Generisch/$L_p$-Norm*: $|| v ||_p = root(p, sum_(k=1)^n (x_k)^p)$
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*Induzierte Norm:* $norm(ve(v)) = sqrt(ip(ve(v), ve(v)))$ (Bliebiges $ip(dot, dot)$)
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@@ -603,8 +603,7 @@
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- Gilt in Eukldische Vektoraum
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- Gilt nur mit aus Eukldischer Norm
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*Euklidsche Vektorraum:*
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- $ = (RR^n"-Vekorraum", ip(dot, dot))$, (Irgendeine Skalarprodukt)
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*Euklidsche Vektorraum:* $ = (RR^n"-VR", ip(dot, dot))$, (Irgendeine Skalarprodukt
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- Eigenschaften:
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- Polarisation: $ip(v, w) = 1/4 (norm(v + w)^2 - norm(v -w )^2)$
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- Parallelogrammgleichung: \
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@@ -615,13 +614,14 @@
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*Ortho#text(red)[normal] Vektoren:* $ip(v, w) = 0$ UND $norm(v),norm(w) = 1$
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#SeperatorLine
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#colbreak()
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*Orthogonal Projektion*
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*Orthogonal Projektion* $pi_U(v) = limits(sum)_(i=1)^k ip(v, u_i) u_i$
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$U subset V$ Untervektorraum eines Eukldische VRs $V$, $U$ orthogo#text(red)[normal]: $pi_U(v) = limits(sum)_(i=1)^k ip(v, u_i) u_i$
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$U subset V$ Untervektorraum eines Eukldische VRs $V$, \ $U$ in orthogo#text(red)[normal] Basis:
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]
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#colbreak()
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#bgBlock(fill: colorMatrixVerfahren)[
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#subHeading(fill: colorMatrixVerfahren)[Eigenwert und Eigenvektoren ]
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@@ -667,14 +667,14 @@
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#bgBlock(fill: colorMatrixVerfahren)[
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#subHeading(fill: colorMatrixVerfahren)[Gram-Schmit ONB]
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Idee: $ip("Orth"#text(red)[normal] v, x) = "Anteil von" x "an" v$ \
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Ziel: Basis $W -->$ Orthogonal Bais $V$
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Idee: $ip("Orth"#text(red)[normal] ve(v), ve(x)) = "Anteil von" ve(x) "an" ve(v)$ \
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Ziel: Basis $W -->$ Orthogonal Basis $V$
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1. $v_1 = 1/norm(w_1)$
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2. $hat(v)_(j+1) = w_(j+1) -ip(w_(j+1), v_1)v_1 - ip(w_(j+2), v_2)v_2 ... $
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3. $v_(j+1) = hat(v)_(j+1)/norm(hat(v)_(j+1))$
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4. Repeat for $w_1, w_2, w_3, ...$
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]
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