Added Darstellungsmatrix
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@@ -143,6 +143,11 @@
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$B_1, B_2, ...$ Erzeugerssystem vom gleichen $V$ \
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$=> abs(B_1)=abs(B_2)...$
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Vektor dratstellung durch Basis Vektoren: \
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$ve(v) = lambda_1 ve(b_1) + lambda_2 ve(b_2) + ...$
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- $lambda_1, lambda_2, ...$ beschreiben ein #underline[eindeutig] Punk
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*Basisergänzungssatz:* Sei $M = {ve(v_1), ... ve(v_n)}, ve(v_i) in V$ lin. unabhänig aber $M$ kein Basis des $V$. Dann $exists v_(n+1)$ sodass $M union {ve(v_(n+1))}$ lin unabhänig (aber evt. eine Basis ist)
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#SeperatorLine
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@@ -168,14 +173,75 @@
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- Kodimension: $dim V - dim U$
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- Wenn $dim U = dim V <=> U = V "(Kodimension"=0")"$
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- Kodimension $= 1$ Hyperebend
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#colbreak()
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]
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#bgBlock(fill: colorVR)[
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#subHeading([Darstellungs Matrix], fill: colorVR)
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Matrix $equiv$ Linera Abbildung \
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Sclar-Matrix Multiplikation $lambda M$ \
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- Kommutativ, Assoziativgesetz, (keine Gruppe wege fehlender Abgeschlossenheit)
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Matrix-Matrix Addtion $M + N$
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- Kommutativ Gruppe $(KK^(n times n), +)$
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Matrix-Matrix Multiplikation/Composition \
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$M dot N equiv Phi_M compose Phi_N = Phi_M (Phi_N (ve(x)))$ \
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$c_(j i) = sum^n_(s=1) a_(j s) b_(s i)$
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#SeperatorLine
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*Vektorraum Isomorphismus*
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- $V tilde.equiv W <=> dim(V) = dim(W)$
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- $V tilde.equiv W <=> exists f: V -> W, f "bijektiv (umkehrbar)"$
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*Koordinatensystem* Ein bestimmte Wahl von Basisvektoren/Basis $ve(b_1), ve(b_2), ...$
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#SeperatorLine
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#grid(
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columns: (auto, 1fr),
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column-gutter: 2mm,
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image("../images/linAlg/BasisWechsel.jpg", height: 1.3cm),
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[
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Vektorraum $V tilde.equiv KK^n$ (in Basis $A$)\
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Vektorraum $V tilde.equiv KK^n$ (in Basis $B$)\
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$Phi_A, Phi_B$ Bijektiv Mappings zwischen $V$ und dem $KK^m slash KK^n$
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]
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)
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$space_A T_B$: Basiswechsel: $K^n$ (in Basis $A$) $->$ $K^n$ (in Basis $B$)
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$space_B T_A$: Basiswechsel: $K^n$ (in Basis $B$) $->$ $K^n$ (in Basis $A$)
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Wenn $V, KK^n "(in Basis A/B)"$ ein $RR^n slash CC^n$ \ ist $Phi_(A slash B) = mat(dots.v, dots.v; ve(b_1), ve(b_2), ...; dots.v, dots.v,)$, $ve(b_1), ve(b_2), ...$ \ Basisvektoren der Basis von $A slash B$
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#SeperatorLine
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*Darstellungs-Matrix*
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Idee: Wir führen Abbildung $f$ nicht $A -> B$ sonderem in $KK^n -> KK^m$ durch $-->$ Darstellungs-Matrix $D$
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#grid(
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columns: (auto, 1fr),
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column-gutter: 2mm,
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image("../images/linAlg/DarstellungsMatrix.jpg", height: 1.6cm),
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[
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$f: V -> W$ Orignal Abbildung \
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Vektorraum $V tilde.equiv KK^n$ (in Basis $A$)\
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Vektorraum $V tilde.equiv KK^n$ (in Basis $B$)\
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$Phi_A, Phi_B$ Bijektiv Mappings zwischen $V$ und dem $KK^m, KK^m$
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],
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)
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#grid(columns: (1fr, 1fr),
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$D = Psi^(-1) compose f compose Phi$,
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$$
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)
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#SeperatorLine
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]
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#colbreak()
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@@ -238,20 +304,24 @@
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*Bild:* Wertemenge $WW$
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- $f(I subset A) = B$ (Oft $I = A$)
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- Bei Matrix: $Bild(A) = spann("Spalten Vektoren")$
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- Basis $B : op("spann")(B)$
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- $op("Bild") Phi := {Phi in W | v in V}$
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*Nullraum/Kern:* \
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$op("Kern") Phi := {v in V | Phi(v) = 0}$
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*Rang*
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$op("Rang") f := dim op("Bild") f$
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*Nullraum/Kern:* \
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$kern(Phi) := {v in V | Phi(v) = 0}$
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- $A ve(x) = ve(0)$
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*Dimensionssatz:* Sei $A$ lineare Abbildung \
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$dim(V) = dim(kern(A)) + dim(Bild(A))$ \
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$dim(V) = dim(kern(A)) + Rang(A)$ \
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$dim(V) = dim(kern(A)) + Rang(A)$
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$dim(V) = dim(Bild(A)) "oder" dim(kern(A)) = 0 \ <=> A "bijektiv" <=> "invertierbar"$
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#linebreak()
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$"Wenn" dim(V) = dim(Bild(A)) "oder" dim(kern(A)) = 0 \ <=> A "bijektiv" <=> "invertierbar"$
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]
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#bgBlock(fill: colorAbbildungen)[
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@@ -430,7 +500,22 @@
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#bgBlock(fill: colorMatrixVerfahren)[
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#subHeading(fill: colorMatrixVerfahren)[Schur-Zerlegung]
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immer anwendbar;
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Wenn dsa charakteristische Polynom $chi_A "von" A in CC^(n times n) slash RR^(n times n) "in" chi_A(lambda) = (lambda_1 - lambda)(lambda_2 - lambda)... "zerfällt"$ dann ist Schur-Zerlegung möglich
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- Gilt für $CC^(n times n)$ immer
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#grid(
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columns: (1fr, 3fr),
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$R = B^* A B$,
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[
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$B:$ orthogonal/unitair $KK^(n times n)$ \
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$R:$ Oberedreiecks Matrix $KK^(n times n)$ \
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$B^* = B^T "für" RR, B^* = B^(-T) "für" CC$
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]
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)
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- $A,R$ haben die selben Eigenwerte
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- Schur-Zerlegung ist nicht eindeutig, (Diagnoal elemen bis auf die Reihnfolge schon)
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- Wenn $A$ diagonaliserbar $=>$ $R$ Dignoalmatrix
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]
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#bgBlock(fill: colorMatrixVerfahren)[
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@@ -456,7 +541,8 @@
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5. $S in RR^(n times m)$ (wie $A$): \
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$S = mat(sigma_0, 0; 0, sigma_1; dots.v, dots.v; 0, 0) quad quad quad S = mat(sigma_0, 0, dots, 0; 0, sigma_1, ..., 0)$
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]
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#colbreak()
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#bgBlock(fill: colorMatrix)[
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#subHeading(fill: colorMatrix)[Matrix Normen]
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@@ -469,8 +555,8 @@
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*Frobenius-Norm* $||A||_"M" = sqrt(sum_(i=1)^m sum_(j=1)^n a_(m n)^2)$
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*Induzierte Norm* $||A||_"M" = sup_(v in V without {0}) (||A v||_V)/(||v||_V)$\
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$ = sup_(||v|| = 1) (||A v||_V)/(||v||_V)$
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*Induzierte Norm* \
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$||A||_"M" = sup_(v in V without {0}) (||A v||_V)/(||v||_V) = sup_(||v|| = 1) (||A v||_V)/(||v||_V)$
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- submultiplikativ
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- verträglich mit einer Vektornorm $||dot||_V$
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@@ -491,7 +577,13 @@
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]
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#bgBlock(fill: colorMatrix)[
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#subHeading(fill: colorMatrix)[Differenzialgleichungen]
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#subHeading(fill: colorMatrix)[Lineare Differenzialgleichungen]
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$y'_1(t) &= alpha_11 &dot y_1(t) + alpha_12 dot y_2(t) + ...\
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y'_1(t) &= alpha_11 &dot y_1(t) + alpha_12 dot y_2(t) + ... \
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&dots.v &dots.v\
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y'_1(t) &= alpha_11 &dot y_1(t) + alpha_12 dot y_2(t) + ...
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$
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]
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#colbreak()
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src/images/linAlg/BasisWechsel.jpg
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src/images/linAlg/BasisWechsel.jpg
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After Width: | Height: | Size: 145 KiB |
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src/images/linAlg/DarstellungsMatrix.jpg
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src/images/linAlg/DarstellungsMatrix.jpg
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After Width: | Height: | Size: 132 KiB |
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src/images/linAlg/DarstelsMatrix.jpg
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src/images/linAlg/DarstelsMatrix.jpg
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After Width: | Height: | Size: 96 KiB |
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