Files
TUM-Formelsammlungen/src/cheatsheets/Digitaltechnik.typ
2026-02-06 19:26:34 +01:00

663 lines
20 KiB
Typst

#import "@preview/mannot:0.3.1"
#import "@preview/cetz:0.4.2"
#import "@preview/zap:0.5.0"
#import "../lib/common_rewrite.typ" : *
#import "../lib/truthtable.typ" : *
#import "../lib/fetModel.typ" : *
#show math.integral: it => math.limits(math.integral)
#show math.sum: it => math.limits(math.sum)
#set page(
paper: "a4",
margin: (
bottom: 10mm,
top: 5mm,
left: 5mm,
right: 5mm
),
flipped:true,
footer: context [
#grid(
align: center,
columns: (1fr, 1fr, 1fr),
[#align(left, datetime.today().display("[day].[month].[year]"))],
[#align(center, counter(page).display("- 1 -"))],
[Thanks to Daniel for the circuit Symbols],
[#align(right, image("../images/cc0.png", height: 5mm,))]
)
],
)
#let pTypeFill = rgb("#dd5959").lighten(10%);
#let nTypeFill = rgb("#5997dd").lighten(10%);
#place(top+center, scope: "parent", float: true, heading(
[Digitaltechnik]
))
#let SeperatorLine = line(length: 100%, stroke: (paint: black, thickness: 0.3mm))
#let MathAlignLeft(e) = {
align(left, block(e))
}
#let colorBoolscheLogic = color.hsl(105.13deg, 92.13%, 75.1%)
#let colorOptimierung = color.hsl(202.05deg, 92.13%, 75.1%)
#let colorRealsierung = color.hsl(280deg, 92.13%, 75.1%)
#let colorState = color.hsl(356.92deg, 92.13%, 75.1%)
//#let colorIntegral = color.hsl(34.87deg, 92.13%, 75.1%)
#let LNot(x) = math.op($overline(#x)$)
#columns(4, gutter: 2mm)[
#bgBlock(fill: colorBoolscheLogic)[
#subHeading(fill: colorBoolscheLogic)[Allgemein]
*Moorsches Gesetz:* 2x der Anzahl der Transistoren pro Fläche (in 2 Jahren)
Flächenskalierung eines Transistors: $1/sqrt(2)$
*Kombinatorisch:* Kein Gedächtnis
*(Synchrone) sequenentielle:* Mit Gedächtnis
*Fan-In:* Anzahl der Inputs eines Gatters
*Fan-Out:* Anzahl der Output Verbindungen eines Gatters
]
#bgBlock(fill: colorBoolscheLogic)[
#subHeading(fill: colorBoolscheLogic)[Boolsche Algebra]
*Dualität*
$LNot(0) = 1$, $LNot(1) = 0$
*Äquivalenz* $LNot((LNot(A)))=A$\
$A dot A = A$, $A + 0 = A$ \
*Konstanz*
$A dot 1 = A$ $A + 1 = 1$
*Komplementärgesetz* \
$A dot LNot(A) = 0$, $A + LNot(A) = 1$
*Kommutativgesetz* \
$A dot B = B dot A$, $A + B = B + A$
*Assoziativgesetz*\
$A dot (B dot C) = (A dot B) dot C$\
$A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C$
*Distributivgesetz*\
$A dot (B + C) = A dot B + A dot C$ \
$A + (B dot C) = (A + B) dot (A + C)$
*De Morgan*\
$LNot((A + B)) = LNot(A) dot LNot(B)$\
$LNot((A dot B)) = LNot(A) + LNot(B)$
*Absorptionsgesetz*\
$A + (A dot B) = A$\
$A dot (A + B) = A$
*Resolutionsgesetz (allgemein)*\
$X dot A + LNot(X) + B = X dot A + LNot(X) dot B + bold(A dot B)$
*Resolutionsgesetz (speziell)*\
$X dot A + LNot(X) dot A = A$\
$(X + A) dot (LNot(X) + A) = A$
]
#bgBlock(fill: colorBoolscheLogic)[
#subHeading(fill: colorBoolscheLogic)[Boolsche Funktionen]
$f: {0,1}^n -> {0,1}$
Variablenmenge: ${x_0, x_1, ..., x_n}$\
Literalmenge: ${x_0, ..., x_n, LNot(x_0), ... LNot(x_n)}$ \
Einsmenge: $F = {underline(v) in {0,1}^n | f(underline(v)) = 1}$
Nullmenge: $overline(F) = {underline(v) in {0,1}^n | f(underline(v)) = 0}$
Don't-Care-Set: ${underline(v) in {0,1}^n | f(underline(v)) = *}$
Funktionsbündel: $underline(y) = underline(f)(underline(x))$ \
$underline(f): {0,1}^n -> {0,1}^m$
*Kofaktoren* aka Bit $n$ fixen\
$x_i : f_x_i = f(x_1, ..., 1, ..., x_n)$\
$overline(x)_i : f_overline(x)_i = f(x_1, ..., 0, ..., x_n)$
*Substitutionsregel*
$x_i dot f = x_i dot f_x_i$
$overline(x)_i dot f = overline(x)_i dot f_overline(x)_i$
$x_i + f = x_i + f_overline(x)_i$
$overline(x)_i + f = overline(x)_i + f_x_i$
*Boolsche Expansion*\
$f(underline(x)) = x_i dot f_x_i + overline(x)_i dot f_overline(x)_i$
$f(underline(x)) = (x_i + f_overline(x)_i) dot (overline(x)_i + f_x_i)$
$overline(f(underline(x))) = overline(x)_i dot overline(f_overline(x)_i) + x_i dot overline(f_x_i)$
$overline(f(underline(x))) = (overline(x)_i + overline(f_x_i)) dot (x_i + overline(f_overline(x)_i)) $
*Eigentschaften:*
tautologisch: $f(underline(x)) = 1, forall underline(x) in {0,1}^n$\
kontradiktorisch: $f(underline(x)) = 0, forall underline(x) in {0,1}^n$\
unabhängig von $x_i <=> f_x_i = f_overline(x)_i$\
abhängig von $x_i <=> f_x_i != f_overline(x)_i$\
]
#bgBlock(fill: colorOptimierung)[
#subHeading(fill: colorOptimierung)[Hauptsatz der Schaltalgebra]
Jede $f(x_0, ...,x_n)$ kann als...
- *Minterme $m$:* $ = LNot(x)_0 dot x_1 dot ...$\
VerODERungen von VerUNDungen\
$f(underline(x)) = m_0 + m_1 + ... + m_n$
- *Maxterme $M$:* $ = LNot(x)_0 + x_1 ü ...$\
VerUNDungen von VerODERungen\
$f(underline(x)) = m_0 dot m_1 dot ... dot m_n$
... dargestellt werden
*DNF:* Disjunktive Normalform, *Minterme*
- Term $tilde.equiv$ $1$-Zeile
- $LNot(x)_0 dot x_1 + x_0 dot x_1 +...$\
- $1 tilde.equiv x_0$, $0 tilde.equiv overline(x_0)$
*KNF:* Konjunktive Normalform, *Maxterme*
- Term $tilde.equiv$ $0$-Zeile
- $(LNot(x)_0 + LNot(x)_1) dot (x_0 + x_1) dot...$\
- $1 tilde.equiv overline(x_0)$, $0 tilde.equiv x_0$
Kanonische: In jedem Term müssen alle enthalten sein.
*KDNF:* Kanonische DNF\
*KKNF:* Kanonische KNF
*DMF:* Disjunktive #underline("Minimal")-Form: \
$ --> LNot(x_0)x_1 + LNot(x_1)$\
*KMF:* Konjunktive #underline("Minimal")-Form: \
$ --> (LNot(x_0) + x_1) dot LNot(x_1)$
$f(underline(x)) -->$ *KKNF* / *KDNF* mit Boolsche Expansion
]
// Dotierung
#bgBlock(fill: colorRealsierung)[
#table(
columns: (auto, 1fr),
[N-Type],
[
- Dotierung: Phosphor (V)
- Negative Ladgunsträger ($e^-$)
- mehr Elektron als Si
],
[P-Type],
[
- Dotierung: Bor (III)
- Postive Landsträger (Löcher)
- mehr Löcher als Si
]
)
#zap.circuit({
import cetz.draw : *
import zap : *
diode("A", (0,1.7), (3,1.7), fill: black, i: (content: $i_d$, anchor: "south"))
rect((0,0),(1,1), fill: pTypeFill, stroke: none)
rect((2,0),(3,1), fill: nTypeFill, stroke: none)
rect((1,0), (1.5,1), fill: color.lighten(pTypeFill, 50%), stroke: none)
rect((1.5,0), (2,1), fill: color.lighten(nTypeFill, 50%), stroke: none)
line((2, 0), (2, 1), stroke: (dash: "dotted"))
line((1, 0), (1, 1), stroke: (dash: "dotted"))
line((1.5, 0), (1.5, 1), stroke: (dash: "densely-dotted"))
cetz.decorations.brace((2,-0.1),(1,-0.1))
content((1.5, -0.6), "RLZ")
content((2.5, 0.5), "N")
content((0.5, 0.5), "P")
content((1.25, 0.5), "-")
content((1.75, 0.5), "+")
})
#grid(
columns: (1fr, 1fr),
column-gutter: 6mm,
align: center,
[#align(center)[*NMOS*]], [#align(center)[*PMOS*]],
grid.cell(inset: 2mm,
align(center,
zap.circuit({
import "../lib/circuit.typ" : *
registerAllCustom();
fet("T", (0,0), type: "N", scale: 150%);
})
)
),
grid.cell(inset: 2mm,
align(center,
zap.circuit({
import "../lib/circuit.typ" : *
registerAllCustom();
fet("T", (0,0), type: "P", scale: 150%);
}),
)
),
scale(
x: 75%, y: 75%,
zap.circuit({
import cetz.draw : *
import zap : *
rect((1.5,0),(4-1.5, 0.1), fill: rgb("#535353"), stroke: none)
rect((0,0),(4,-1), fill: pTypeFill, stroke: none)
rect((0.5,-0),(1.5, -0.5), fill: nTypeFill, stroke: none)
rect((4 - 1.5,-0),(4-0.5, -0.5), fill: nTypeFill, stroke: none)
rect((1.5,-0),(2.5, -0.5), fill: none, stroke: (paint: black, dash: "dotted", thickness: 0.06))
line((3, 0.3), (3, 0))
line((1, 0.3), (1, 0))
line((2, 0.3), (2, 0.1))
cetz.decorations.brace((2.5,-0.6),(1.5,-0.6))
content((2, -1.3), "Channel")
content((3, -0.25), $"n"^+$)
content((1, -0.25), $"n"^+$)
content((0.5, -0.75), "p")
content((3, 0.5), "S")
content((1, 0.5), "D")
content((2, 0.5), "G")
})
),
scale(
x: 75%, y: 75%,
zap.circuit({
import cetz.draw : *
import zap : *
rect((1.5,0),(4-1.5, 0.1), fill: rgb("#535353"), stroke: none)
rect((0,0),(4,-1), fill: nTypeFill, stroke: none)
rect((0.5,-0),(1.5, -0.5), fill: pTypeFill, stroke: none)
rect((4 - 1.5,-0),(4-0.5, -0.5), fill: pTypeFill, stroke: none)
rect((1.5,-0),(2.5, -0.5), fill: none, stroke: (paint: black, dash: "dotted", thickness: 0.06))
line((3, 0.3), (3, 0))
line((1, 0.3), (1, 0))
line((2, 0.3), (2, 0.1))
cetz.decorations.brace((2.5,-0.6),(1.5,-0.6))
content((2, -1.3), "Channel")
content((3, -0.25), $"p"^+$)
content((1, -0.25), $"p"^+$)
content((0.5, -0.75), "n")
content((3, 0.5), "S")
content((1, 0.5), "D")
content((2, 0.5), "G")
})
),
)
*Drain Strom:*
NMOS: $I_"Dn" = cases(
gap: #0.6em,
0 & 0 < U_"GS" < U_t,
beta_n (U_"GS" - U_t - U_"DS" / 2) U_"DS" quad & cases(delim: #none, U_"GS" >= U_t, 0 < U_"DS" < U_"GS" - U_t),
beta_n/2 (U_"GS" - U_"th")^2 & cases(delim: #none, U_"GS" >= U_t, U_"DS" > U_"GS" - U_t)
)$
PMOS: $I_"Dp" = cases(
gap: #0.6em,
0 & 0 > U_"GS" > U_t,
beta_p (U_"GS" - U_t - U_"DS" / 2) U_"DS" quad & cases(delim: #none, U_"GS" <= U_t, 0 > U_"DS" > U_"GS" - U_t),
beta_p/2 (U_"GS" - U_"th")^2 & cases(delim: #none, U_"GS" <= U_t, U_"DS" < U_"GS" - U_t)
)
$
]
// Quine McCluskey
#bgBlock(fill: colorOptimierung)[
#subHeading(fill: colorOptimierung)[Quine McCluskey]
]
// NMOS/PMOS
#bgBlock(fill: colorRealsierung)[
#subHeading(fill: colorRealsierung)[CMOS]
$hat(=)$ Complemntary MOS
#table(
columns: (1fr, 1fr),
zap.circuit({
import zap : *
import cetz.draw : content
import "../lib/circuit.typ" : *
set-style(wire: (stroke: (thickness: 0.025)))
registerAllCustom();
fet("N0", (0,0), type: "N", angle: 90deg);
fet("P0", (0,1), type: "P", angle: 90deg);
wire("N0.G", (rel: (-0.1, 0)), (horizontal: (), vertical: "P0.G"), "P0.G")
node("outNode", (0,0.5))
node("inNode", (-0.6,0.5))
wire((-1, 0.5), "inNode")
wire((0.2, 0.5), "outNode")
node("N2", (0,-0.5))
node("N2", (0,1.5))
wire((-1, -0.5), (0.5, -0.5))
wire((-1, 1.5), (0.5, 1.5))
content((-1, 0.5), scale($"X"$, 60%), anchor: "east")
content((0.45, 0.5), scale($overline("X")$, 60%), anchor: "east")
content((-0.9, 1.5), scale($"U"_"DD"$, 60%), anchor: "east")
content((-0.9, -0.5), scale($"GND"$, 60%), anchor: "east")
}),
[
*Inverter*
$overline(X)$
],
zap.circuit({
import zap : *
import cetz.draw : content
import "../lib/circuit.typ" : *
set-style(wire: (stroke: (thickness: 0.025)))
registerAllCustom();
fet("P0", (0.5,0.25), type: "P", angle: 90deg);
fet("P1", (0.5,1.25), type: "P", angle: 90deg);
fet("N0", (0,-1), type: "N", angle: 90deg);
fet("N1", (1,-1), type: "N", angle: 90deg);
content((-0.7, 1.75), scale($"V"_"DD"$, 60%), anchor: "east")
content((-0.7, -1.5), scale($"GND"$, 60%), anchor: "east")
content("N0.G", scale($"B"$, 60%), anchor: "east")
content("P0.G", scale($"B"$, 60%), anchor: "east")
content("N1.G", scale($"A"$, 60%), anchor: "east")
content("P1.G", scale($"A"$, 60%), anchor: "east")
wire((-0.75, -1.5), (1.5, -1.5))
wire((-0.75, 1.75), (1.5, 1.75))
wire("N0.S", "N1.S")
node("N2", "P0.D")
wire("N2", (horizontal: (), vertical: "N0.S"))
node("N3", "N0.D")
node("N4", "N1.D")
node("N5", "P1.S")
node("N6", (horizontal: (), vertical: "N0.S"))
wire("N2", (horizontal: (rel: (0.5, 0)), vertical: "N2"))
content((horizontal: (rel: (0.65, 0)), vertical: "N2"), scale($"Y"$, 60%))
}),
[
*NOR*
$overline(A +B) = Y$
],
zap.circuit({
import zap : *
import cetz.draw : content
import "../lib/circuit.typ" : *
set-style(wire: (stroke: (thickness: 0.025)))
registerAllCustom();
content((-0.7, 0.5), scale($"V"_"DD"$, 60%), anchor: "east")
content((-0.7, -2.75), scale($"GND"$, 60%), anchor: "east")
fet("P0", (0, 0), type: "P", angle: 90deg);
fet("P1", (1, 0), type: "P", angle: 90deg);
fet("N0", (0.5,-1.25), type: "N", angle: 90deg);
fet("N1", (0.5,-2.25), type: "N", angle: 90deg);
wire((-0.75, 0.5), (1.5, 0.5))
wire((-0.75, -2.75), (1.5, -2.75))
wire("P0.D", "P1.D")
node("N2", (horizontal: "N1.D", vertical: "P0.D"))
node("N3", "N0.S")
wire("N2", "N3")
wire("N3", (rel: (0.5, 0)))
content((horizontal: (rel: (0.65, 0)), vertical: "N3"), scale($"Z"$, 60%))
node("4", "P0.S")
node("4", "P1.S")
node("4", "N1.D")
content("N0.G", scale($"B"$, 60%), anchor: "east")
content("P0.G", scale($"B"$, 60%), anchor: "east")
content("N1.G", scale($"A"$, 60%), anchor: "east")
content("P1.G", scale($"A"$, 60%), anchor: "east")
}),
[
*NAND*
$overline(A dot B) = Z$
],
)
]
// CMOS
#bgBlock(fill: colorRealsierung)[
#subHeading(fill: colorRealsierung)[CMOS Verzögerung]
*Inverter*\
$t_("p"/"nLH") ~ (C_"L" t_"ox" L_"p/n")/(W_"p/n" mu_"p/n" epsilon(V_"DD" - abs(V_"Tpn"))) $
#grid(
columns: (1fr, 1fr),
[
*Steigend mit*
- Last $C_L$
- Oxyddicke $T_"ox"$
- Kandlalänge $L_"p/n"$
- Schwellspannung $V_"Tp/n"$
],
[
*Sinkend mit*
- Kanalweite
- Landsträger Veweglichkeit $mu_"p/n"$
],
)
$t_p ~ C_L/(beta(V_"DD" - abs(V_"T")))$
$t_p ~ C_L/(W(V_"DD" - abs(V_"T")))$
]
#bgBlock(fill: colorState)[
#subHeading(fill: colorState)[Latches, Flipflops und Register]
]
#bgBlock(fill: colorState)[
#subHeading(fill: colorState)[Timing]
*Register Bedinungen*
#cetz.canvas(length: 0.5mm, {
import cetz.draw: *
let cycle_time = 38
let cycle_start = cycle_time*0.8
let cycle_end = cycle_time*4
let signal_hight = 10
let switch_offset = cycle_time/13
let signal_storke = (paint: rgb("#2e2e2e"), thickness: 0.3mm)
let t_c2q = 0.6
let t_setup = 0.6
let t_hold = 0.4
// clk1
line((1*cycle_time + switch_offset/2, signal_hight + 1), (1*cycle_time + switch_offset/2, -40), stroke: (paint: rgb("#0004ff"), thickness: 0.4mm, dash: "densely-dashed"))
// q change
line((cycle_time*(t_c2q + 1) + switch_offset/2, -15 + signal_hight + 1), (cycle_time*(t_c2q + 1) + switch_offset/2, -40), stroke: (paint: rgb("#0004ff"), thickness: 0.4mm, dash: "densely-dashed"))
// d change
line((cycle_time*(t_setup + 2) + switch_offset/2, -30 + signal_hight + 1), (cycle_time*(t_setup + 2) + switch_offset/2, -40), stroke: (paint: rgb("#0004ff"), thickness: 0.4mm, dash: "densely-dashed"))
// clk
line((cycle_time*3 + switch_offset/2, signal_hight + 1), (cycle_time*3 + switch_offset/2, -40), stroke: (paint: rgb("#0004ff"), thickness: 0.4mm, dash: "densely-dashed"))
// hold time
line((cycle_time*(3+t_hold) + switch_offset/2, -30 + signal_hight + 1), (cycle_time*(3+t_hold) + switch_offset/2, -40), stroke: (paint: rgb("#0004ff"), thickness: 0.4mm, dash: "densely-dashed"))
content(( cycle_start -7, 5), "clk")
line((cycle_start,0), (cycle_time,0), (cycle_time + switch_offset,signal_hight), (cycle_time*2, signal_hight), (cycle_time*2 + switch_offset, 0), (cycle_time*3, 0), (cycle_time*3 + switch_offset, 10), (cycle_end, signal_hight), stroke: signal_storke)
translate((0, -15))
content((cycle_start -7, 5), "Q")
line(
(cycle_start,0), (cycle_time*(t_c2q + 1), 0),
(cycle_time*(t_c2q + 1) + switch_offset, signal_hight),
(cycle_time*(t_c2q + 3),signal_hight), (cycle_time*(t_c2q + 3) + switch_offset, 0),
(cycle_end + switch_offset, 0),
stroke: signal_storke
)
line(
(cycle_start,signal_hight), (cycle_time*(t_c2q + 1), signal_hight),
(cycle_time*(t_c2q + 1) + switch_offset, 0),
(cycle_time*(t_c2q + 3),0), (cycle_time*(t_c2q + 3) + switch_offset, signal_hight),
(cycle_end + switch_offset, signal_hight),
stroke: signal_storke
)
translate((0, -15))
content((cycle_start -7, 5), "D")
line(
(cycle_start,0), (cycle_time*(t_setup + 2), 0),
(cycle_time*(t_setup + 2) + switch_offset, signal_hight), (cycle_end + switch_offset, signal_hight), stroke: signal_storke
)
line(
(cycle_start,signal_hight), (cycle_time*(t_setup + 2), signal_hight),
(cycle_time*(t_setup + 2) + switch_offset, 0), (cycle_end + switch_offset, 0), stroke: signal_storke
)
})
]
#bgBlock(fill: colorState)[
#subHeading(fill: colorState)[Pipeline/Parallele Verarbeitungseinheiten]
]
#bgBlock(fill: colorState)[
#subHeading(fill: colorState)[Zustandsautomaten]
]
#colbreak()
#bgBlock(fill: colorRealsierung)[
#subHeading(fill: colorRealsierung)[Verlustleistung/Verzögerung]
$t_p ~ C_L / (V_"DD" - V_"Tn")$
$P_"stat" ~ e^(-V_T)$
$P_"dyn"~ V_"DD"^2$
*Dynamisch:* Bei Schlaten \
1. Kapazitiv Verlustleistung $I_C$ \
2. Querstrom Verlustleistung $I_Q$ \
#zap.circuit({
import zap : *
import cetz.draw : content
import "../lib/circuit.typ" : *
set-style(wire: (stroke: (thickness: 0.025)))
registerAllCustom();
fet("N0", (0,0), type: "N", angle: 90deg);
fet("P0", (0,1), type: "P", angle: 90deg);
wire("N0.G", (rel: (-0.1, 0)), (horizontal: (), vertical: "P0.G"), "P0.G")
node("outNode", (0,0.5))
node("inNode", (-0.6,0.5))
wire((-1, 0.5), "inNode")
wire((0.5, 0.5), "outNode")
wire((0, -0.5), (0, -1))
node("N2", (0,-1))
node("N2", (0,1.5))
wire((-1, -1), (0.5, -1))
wire((-1, 1.5), (0.5, 1.5))
content((-1, 0.5), scale($"X"$, 60%), anchor: "east")
content((0.8, 0.5), scale($overline("X")$, 60%), anchor: "east")
content((-0.9, 1.5), scale($"U"_"DD"$, 60%), anchor: "east")
content((-0.9, -1), scale($"GND"$, 60%), anchor: "east")
}),
- Quer/Kurzschluss Strom $i_q$ \
$P_"short" = a_01 f beta_n tau (V_"DD" - 2 V_"Tn")^3$ \
$tau$: Kurzschluss/Schaltzeit
- Lade Strome des $C_L$ $i_c$
$P_"cap" = alpha_01 f C_L V_"DD"^2$
*Statisch:* Konstant
- Leckstom (weil Diode)
- Gatestrom
]
#bgBlock(fill: colorRealsierung)[
#subHeading(fill: colorRealsierung)[Verlustleistung]
$alpha = "#Schaltvorgänge"/"#Takte (#Clk Flanken)"$
$P_"cap" = alpha dot f_"clk" dot C dot U_"DD"$
]
#SIPrefixesTable
]
#place(bottom,
truth-table(
outputs: (
("NAND", (1, 1, 1, 0)),
("NOR", (1, 0, 0, 0)),
("XNOR", (1, 0, 0, 1)),
("XOR", (0, 1, 1, 0)),
("AND", (0, 0, 0, 1)),
("OR", (0, 1, 1, 1)),
),
inputs: ("A", "B")
),
float: true
)